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9. Prove that the following kogical expressions aro logically equivalent by applying the law of logic...
true and false propositions with quantifiers. Answer the following questions in the space provided below. 1. For each proposition below, first determine its truth value, then negate the proposition and simplify (using De Morgan's laws) to eliminate all – symbols. All variables are from the domain of integers. (a) 3.0, x2 <. (b) Vr, ((x2 = 0) + (0 = 0)). (c) 3. Vy (2 > 0) (y >0 <y)). 2. Consider the predicates defined below. Take the domain to...
Predicates P and Q are defined below. The domain of discourse is the set of all positive integers. P(x): x is prime Q(x): x is a perfect square (i.e., x = y2, for some integer y) Find whether each logical expression is a proposition. If the expression is a proposition, then determine its truth value. 1) ∃x Q(x) 2) ∀x Q(x) ∧ ¬P(x) 3) ∀x Q(x) ∨ P(3)
Predicates P and Q are defined below. The domain of discourse is the set of all positive integers. P(x): x is prime Q(x): x is a perfect square (i.e., x = y2, for some integer y) Indicate whether each logical expression is a proposition. If the expression is a proposition, then give its truth value. (c) ∀x Q(x) ∨ P(3) (d) ∃x (Q(x) ∧ P(x)) (e) ∀x (¬Q(x) ∨ P(x))
How do you show the following propositions are logically equivalent? (a) [(p → q) → r] ⊕ (p ∧ q ∧ r) and (p ∨ r) ⊕ (p ∧ q) (b) ¬∃x {P(x) → ∃y [Q(x, y) ⊕ R(x, y)] } and (∀x P(x)) ∧ [∀x ∀y(Q(x, y) ↔ R(x, y))] (c) Does [(p → q) ∧ (q → r)] → r implies (p → r) → r?
Answer the following questions in the space provided below. 1. For each proposition below, first determine its truth value, then negate the proposition and simplify (using DeMorgan's laws) to eliminate all – symbols. All variables are from the domain of integers. (a) 3x, 22 <2. (b) Vx, ((:22 = 0) + (x = 0)). (e) 3xWy((x > 0) (y > 0 + x Sy)). 2. Consider the predicates defined below. Take the domain to be the positive integers. P(x): x...
UIC 5. (20 pt.) Use the laws of propositional logic to prove that the following compound propositions are tautologies. a. (5 pt.) (p^ q) → (q V r) b. (5 pt) P)Ag)- Vg)A(A-r)- c. (10 pt.) Additional Topics: Satisfiability (10 pt.) A compound proposition is said to be satisfiable if there is an assignment of truth values to its variables that makes it true. For example. p ^ q is true when p = T and q = T;thus, pAqissatsfiable....
Simplify the following sentences in predicate logic so that all the negation symbols are directly in front of a predicate. (For example, Vx ((-0(x)) + (-E(x))) is simplified, because the negation symbols are direct in front of the predicates O and E. However, Væ -(P(2) V E(x)) is not simplified.) (i) -(3x (P(x) 1 (E(x) + S(x)))) (ii) -(Vx (E(x) V (P(x) +-(Sy G(x, y))))) Write a sentence in predicate logic (using the same predicates as above) which is true...
5. Symbolize the following argument and prove it is a valid argument. Let B ( x ) = x is a bear; D ( x ) = x is dangerous, and H ( x ) = x is hungry. Every bear that is hungry is dangerous. There is a hungry animal that is not dangerous. Therefore there is an animal that is not a bear. 6. In order to prove an quantificational argument invalid it is only necessary to find a...
Provide complete definitions for the following: 7 marks] Choosing a universe and predicates. (a) Consider the following statement: Vz E N, P(x,165) -> P(x, 1) Provide one definition of a binary predicate P over N x N that makes the above statement True, and another definition of P that makes the statement False. Briefly justify your answers, but no formal proofs are necessary. b) Consider the following statement: Provide one definition of a non-empty set U, and predicates P, Q,...
In the following question, the domain of discourse is a set of employees who work at a company. Ingrid is one of the employees at the company. Define the following predicates: • S(x): x was sick yesterday • W(x): x went to work yesterday • V(x): x was on vacation yesterday Translate the following English statements into a logical expression with the same meaning. (c) Everyone who was sick yesterday did not go to work. (d) Yesterday someone was sick...