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3. In an experiment, 0.075 g of a compound is dissolved in 4.0 mL of water. This compound is extracted from the aqueous solution two times with 2.0 mL portions of methylene chloride. Calculate the total amount of the compound that will be extracted into methylene chloride. This compound has a distribution coefficient of 4.6 between methylene chloride and water. 4. Look up the solubilities of chlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene in water. Which one do you expect to more effectively steam-distill? Why? 5. Beta-carotene is classified as a terpene. What is a "terpene"? Outline the isoprene units in the structure of beta-carotene.

Answer 1

the disimbution wefficient, kd is defined as - ka solubility of compound in layers " " " layer 2 Now, in the problem; initially 0.075 g of compound was present in AmL water. Now; when q mL dichloromethane portion was used first, det a g of compound goes to dichloromethane layer Thus ; in 2 mL ; compound present ag 2 dichloromethan in ime : 9 J - In 9n a mlo water; 1 ml ; compound 1 present = 0.075-ng 1 0.075-9 g 112 kd- 0.075-x 0.0751 or ar 4.6$0.095-n} = 2a 4.6 X 0.035 = 6.62 46 x 0.095 0.052 " of compound nou Thus. into in 1st extraction, 0.052 g dichloromethane

Shus; compound left in water coat 0.075 -0.062 y g goes into dich larrum Now, in rayer and extraction, let froceeding similarly, 0.023-Y Or; kd : 24 0.023-Y or 4.14 0.023 y} = 2y or; 4.1% 0.023 Ey or: y = 0.016 g Hence amount extracted second time 0.016 9. Total amount that goes in dichloromethane = 0.016 + 0.052 = 0.068 9 4. The brinuble of steam distillation is that when steam. is bassed the more volatile molecule s is eluted with the steam from a mixture. Thus, 6 among dichloro and chloro benzene, chloroben gene has lower boiling point due to presence of single chlorine molecule. Thus; it would be seberated and dichloro benzene shall be left behind

plants. genel 090 Ayarbons, broduced mainly from They are often unsaturated having Bea ay tie meletult Aineture having formula Clo M16, 9 sobreme is p-carotene has the structure citeet i Beotions represent repeating i sobrene was