Question

When counting a set of five pennies Amy says "One, three, four, two, five. There are five pennies!" Which aspect(s) of counting has Amy demonstrated? cardinality and one-to-one correspondence cardinality, ordinality and one-to-one correspondence one-to-one correspondence cardinality and ordinality ordinality and one-to-one correspondence

Answer 1

#1 The counting principle which Amy used was that of 'cardinality and ordinality'

EXPLANATION- Cardinality principle refers to the method of counting in which the the number that we alot to the last object is also equal to the total number of objects that we have counted. In this question, the number that Amy alotted to the last penny was 'five' and the total number of pennies that were to be counted were also 'five' therefore it would be apt to say that Amy demonstrated the cardinality aspect of counting.

Ordinality principle refers to the method of counting in which we alot number to the objects according to the order in which they lie. In this question, a set of five pennies are given to Amy. All of them must be of different denomination. So, Amy counts it in a manner in which the penny having the smallest denomination is given the 1st number and the biggest denomination is given the 5th number. Anything between 1st and 5th will be aloted numbers according to their denominations in sequential order. Therefore, it goes like 'One,three,four,two,five'.

#2 Always consider gender when making a choice about a toy

EXPLANATION- Gender schema is a percept that defines what it is to be a girl or a boy, what are the associated characterstics and behavior pattern. All of this is influenced by a child's immediate environment and affects how he/she identifies themselves with a particular gender.

Gender typing is the phenomenon in which the child after identifying himself/herself with a particular gender picks up the peculiar traits that he finds relevant to that gender. E.g- A girl identifies herself with her mother. She observes her mother looking after the household chores so she tends to link the behavior to that particular gender and starts showing interest in stuff like dressing, cleaning, cooking, interior designing etc. Whereas, a boy identifies himself with his father. He observes his father discussing about cars and football matches. He tends to form a perception that all these stuffs are peculiar to his gender and his interests automatically incline towards such things.

Now, talking about Kristen if we consider her situation keeping in view the gender schema approach to gender typing we come to the conclusion that Kristen who identifies herself as a girl would not choose to play with the truck as it is her brother's toy and thus is meant for the boys. Therefore, it will not fit into her gender schema and she would decide not to play with it.