Question

a. Define packet switch and Circuit switching network with the help of an example. b. Four channels (1 Mb each) are multiplexed using synchronous TDM. If each channel sends 100 bits and 4 bits per channel are multiplexed and one synchronization bit is added per frame, List the frame size, frame rate, bit rate, frame duration and efficiency of the link.

plzz answer quickly is soon as possible thnks

Answer 1

Bit rate we know that 400 frame rate and each forume size is 16 bits so, Bitrate - 400 x 16 64oo bit Erame duration we Know that time is 1s and total no. of frame rate is 400 so, frame surution 1 400 Efficiency_of the link! Efficiency : Time taken transmit forume Tottel transmission time. 16 400 Efficiency. 0.047.

b2 Given Total channel: 4 Each channel send = 100 bits Multiplex = 4 bits/chennal To find :- Ersame size, Eyume gate, bit enate, frame duration, efficiency of the link. Findi. Frame size: and we know that 4 bits multijzerda number of channel =4 4 so, frame size = 4x4 16 bits. Frame rate we know that 100 bits each channel sends so, total no. o Multiplexa 4 bits then. Frame rate = 100x4 = 400

Circuit Switching Circuit Switched Direct connection through interconnected wires Packet Switched Packet Switching Data divided into packets and sent through a network - no direct connection between the end nodes TY Communication Network

Above Example of Packet and Circuit switching

(A)-Packet Switching:-

Packet switching is the transfer of small pieces of data across various networks. These data chunks or “packets” allow for faster, more efficient data transfer.

Often, when a user sends a file across a network, it gets transferred in smaller data packets, not in one piece. For example, a 3MB file will be divided into packets, each with a packet header that includes the origin IP address, the destination IP address, the number of packets in the entire data file, and the sequence number.

Types of packet switching:-

There are two major types of packet switching:

Connectionless Packet Switching:-

This classic type of packet switching includes multiple packets, each individually routed. This means each packet contains complete routing information—but it also means different paths of transmission and out-of-order delivery are possible, depending on the fluctuating loads on the network’s nodes (adapters, switches and routers) at the moment. This kind of packet switching is sometimes called datagram switching.

Connection-Oriented Packet Switching.

In connection-oriented packet switching, also called virtual circuit switching or circuit switching, data packets are first assembled and then numbered. They then travel across a predefined route, sequentially. Address information is not needed in circuit switching, because all packets are sent in sequence.

Circuit Switching:-

Circuit switching is a connection-oriented network switching technique. Here, a dedicated route is established between the source and the destination and the entire message is transferred through it.

Phases of Circuit Switch Connection

->Circuit Establishment : In this phase, a dedicated circuit is established from the source to the destination through a number of intermediate switching centres. The sender and receiver transmits communication signals to request and acknowledge establishment of circuits.

->Data Transfer : Once the circuit has been established, data and voice are transferred from the source to the destination. The dedicated connection remains as long as the end parties communicate.

->Circuit Disconnection : When data transfer is complete, the connection is relinquished. The disconnection is initiated by any one of the user. Disconnection involves removal of all intermediate links from the sender to the receiver.