Question

Indicate whether each item identifies an adaptive or innate immunity Adaptive Immunity Innate Immunity Histamine Pyrogens Lysozyme Heparin Hyaluronic acid Defensins Hydrogen peroxide Tumor necrosis factor Reset < Prev 11 of 48 Next >

Answer 1

Immunity is the ability of a body (or an organism) to defense against pathogens. Basically there are two types of immunity that is innate and adaptive immunity

Innate immunity: It is immediate and non- specific response of body against wide range of substances. Innate immunity includes external barriers such as skin and mucus membrane and internal defenses incudes phagocytes, NK cells, endogenous antimicrobial substance, inflammatory responses etc.

Adaptive immunity	Innate immunity
Tumor necrosis factor	Histamine
	Pyrogens
	Lysozyme
	Heparin
	Defensins
	Hyaluronic acid
	Hydrogen peroxide

Histamine: Inflammation is an innate immune response. Histamine chemical irritant produced by mast cells, basophils during inflammation.

Pyrogens: Fever, high body temperature that usually occur during infection or inflammation and it is a type of defense system by innate immunity. Pyrogens are those that provoke the fever

Lysozyme: Innate immunity also shows antimicrobial action by many substances. Lysozyme is an antimicrobial agent present in many body fluids such as saliva, tears, nasal secretions ect. It is an enzyme that digest the microbial cell wall

Defensins: It is an antimicrobial protein with broad spectrum of antimicrobial effects

Hyaluronic acid: It is also an antimicrobial protein which slows the microbial entry to the body

Hydrogen peroxide: Cells like Neutrophils and Eosinophils produce it especially in mucus membrane having antimicrobial effects

Adaptive immunity: This immunity is slow in action but this is highly specific immune reaction. Cell mediate immunity and antibody mediated immunity are two types of adaptive immunity. Lymphocytes B and T are involved in this reaction. This immune reaction is modulated by Tumor necrosis factor