Question

Cl. Please choose from the following list of words to fill in the blanks below. Transposon, histones, cohesin, alpha satellite, trisomy, karyotype, chromatid, n, 2n, 4n, c, 2c, 4c, centromere, telomere, Giemsa, gene, banding pattern, idiogram, chromosome spread, intron, exon, promoter, translocation, nucleosome, scaffold, Method that is typically used to stain all of the chromosomes One example of a type of genetic disease that is visible in the karyotype Its position helps to identify individual chromosomes Number of chromosomes that can be counted in a human karyotype Forms the protein core of the chromosome to which the DNA is attached Amount of DNA present in a karyotype of a diploid organism Makes up the largest portion of human intragenic (within gene) DNA Pictorial representation of the banding pattern of a particular chromosome Sister chromatids are held together by these proteins Found throughout the genome within genes and outside of them

Answer 1

Karyotype – This is the method of staining of the chromosome that helps in study of the chromosome. They are prepared with help of standardized staining procedure and hence it helps in identification of the features of the chromosome. The process by which pairing and the order of the chromosome is identified is known as karyotyping.

Trisomy – It is a type of genetic disease where there are three chromosomes present instead of two normal in a pair. It leads to a number of genetic disease depending on which chromosome does the trisomy occur.

Idiogram – It helps in representing diagrammatically the chromosome of a particular species, organism, species etc. It also helps in understanding the length of the chromosome arm, the length of the chromosome arm, position of the centrosome etc.

N – There are total 22 pairs of chromosome which can be counted within the human karyotype that stands for the autosomes.

Centromere – It is a DNA sequence that helps in linking the pair of the sister chromosome. It helps in binding the sister chromatid at the center. It helps in the movement of the chromosome that is replicated when it forms two daughter cells.

2n – It is the diploid number that is present in the human. The total amount of the DNA that is present is diploid which is 2n

Intron– This is the largest intragenic DNA that fragment that is present between the genes. The sequence of DNA consists of intron and exon where the intron is the non encoding part that is junk fragment. The intron are spliced out and the exon is joined that is responsible for encoding genes

Banding pattern – They are the pattern of light and dark bands on the chromosome. They are stained and can be observed with help of microscope. They are represented in form of picture as bands within t the chromosome.

Cohesin – The cohesion protein is the one which is responsible for holding together the sister chromatids. It helps in regulating the separation of sister chromatids when the process of cell division takes place. It helps in holding together the sister chromatid till anaphase

Promoter – The promoters are those regions which are present within the genes and even beyond the genes. It helps in initiating the transcription within DNA and mostly are located near the site of the transcription start.