Question

answer the questions based on the informations on the 3 pictures please:

1. What are the essential responsibilities of a structural designer or engineer in designing a structure?
2. What factors would you consider and why when planning the design of a building structure?
3. You are the project team leader for the design of a single family house in southwest Houston area. Discuss the types of structural loads you think are important and explain why.​​​​​​​
   d) Thermal load changes in perature cause expansion and connection of structural parts and when the parts Live Load (pa) Dead Lood (puf D) Logitadinal: caused by braking moving objects a structure like a bridge Breaking suddenly makes the loadedang Pressure hydrostatic Cound by fluid column Ba d by explosion, miliary wewnie bome Centrifugal forces caused by bodies in circular reunelinear motor Tatil. Typical dislood Pressure for buildings Coestruction Area Roof -Cailing with - Carlinhos Anteith abitable ) -Ceiling Joist Amie without floor) Floor of soms Floor at bedro Partitions los $-181818 Alella I) iv) Table 2 Distributed Live Lood Pressures Building Area Apartments rivete dwellings) Apartment Corridors and public rooms) * Environmental Leads Evironmental are causal ty chronmental phenomena wh a wind, rain, snow, tomados, trepical storms, burricanes, and wrthquakes. They may be considered a special type of live loads. However, they are not caused by gravity or operating conditions as is typical for live loads *) Wind loads have caused and caused astrophie lures, often with of human lives. Wind forces act as pressures on vertical windward warfaces, pressure or suction on sloping windward surfaces depending on the slope, saction on surfaces and leewand vertald oping surface due to the creation of vacuums or negative pressures. Uplift of 20 to O ur even more can occur in montures h) Rain lead is usually problem encore for at or nearly flat roof when ponding can be a problem. To prevent ponding minimum ope [025261 (L/50) is required c) Seow is variable load and can cover the whole or part of a mof and is very important in cold climates. The snow load applied to a roof design depends on peop le location, shape of rool, plic of roof, and sheltering for roof design, it varies from 10 to 40 psl, the higher values are used for low pitch roof and lower values used for high pitch roofs d) Earthquake loads: these are important for car e prome s they ollen cause chinstrophic failure of buildings und loss of human life. During an enthquake, round motion with horizontal and vertical coceleration components are created the horizontalis sally severe while the vertical component is often negligible. Most damages come from the horizontal cumpunent. e) Torrades, tropical sam, cyclones, and hurricanes are rociated with min and winds that can cause landslides and catastrophie dugu. * Game Passenger cars Library anams Lihury socks HONDINS I TOTS 1 Elospitals Labs and operating roo ) Hotels private Hotels i corridors and public rooms) Manufacturing Office building door area Office building (lobbies 1st floor corrider) Assembly awthanenudas Assembly are theaters (stare area Lobbies Multi family apartments Public rooms Residential chesnar res and decks) Single Family (20 floor and habitable arties) Single family (Uninhabitable arties) School (CAN ) Schools (Corridors) Stors (Retail 1 floor) Stores (Retailer for Stairs and exits (single family duplex huildings) Stairs and exits all others) 100 4.79 Allow 50% of max wheellada raded on for Uw governing local code for actual design * Designing with Streeture In Mind Buildings can be supported in a fuw different way with retul columns and beams using light structural elements such as wood or steel framing. It is important for you to consider the type of how you are planning and the type of construction most suited to the style. The most common bo r tion thad in North America is wood framing. Many types of bomes can be built in this way. If your home will be a timber fram, adobe or straw balo home, you will most likely support it with posis and be . A canals be made only of r ural walls such as poured concret, cunicate block or conti Insulated Coccrete Forms (ICE) Combined Lands F.-12F F.-1.5JP+ + Table 3. Rctive Density of Soms Material Material Relative Density Load Pressures Roof snow load: 144P(pa Windlad 096 P (20 son verical surface Reinforced concrete Plain unte Brick work Tianbas Foundation Design Soul bearingsrength 96 kPa (2000ps! Loading Building live loads o nge from 10 psf to 100 put. Dead oeds can be from Tiles 0.07 psf te 20 per Tribut Area Area that contributes and to become
   
   d) Thermal load changes in perature cause expansion and connection of structural parts and when the parts Live Load (pa) Dead Lood (puf D) Logitadinal: caused by braking moving objects a structure like a bridge Breaking suddenly makes the loadedang Pressure hydrostatic Cound by fluid column Ba d by explosion, miliary wewnie bome Centrifugal forces caused by bodies in circular reunelinear motor Tatil. Typical dislood Pressure for buildings Coestruction Area Roof -Cailing with - Carlinhos Anteith abitable ) -Ceiling Joist Amie without floor) Floor of soms Floor at bedro Partitions los $-181818 Alella I) iv) Table 2 Distributed Live Lood Pressures Building Area Apartments rivete dwellings) Apartment Corridors and public rooms) * Environmental Leads Evironmental are causal ty chronmental phenomena wh a wind, rain, snow, tomados, trepical storms, burricanes, and wrthquakes. They may be considered a special type of live loads. However, they are not caused by gravity or operating conditions as is typical for live loads *) Wind loads have caused and caused astrophie lures, often with of human lives. Wind forces act as pressures on vertical windward warfaces, pressure or suction on sloping windward surfaces depending on the slope, saction on surfaces and leewand vertald oping surface due to the creation of vacuums or negative pressures. Uplift of 20 to O ur even more can occur in montures h) Rain lead is usually problem encore for at or nearly flat roof when ponding can be a problem. To prevent ponding minimum ope [025261 (L/50) is required c) Seow is variable load and can cover the whole or part of a mof and is very important in cold climates. The snow load applied to a roof design depends on peop le location, shape of rool, plic of roof, and sheltering for roof design, it varies from 10 to 40 psl, the higher values are used for low pitch roof and lower values used for high pitch roofs d) Earthquake loads: these are important for car e prome s they ollen cause chinstrophic failure of buildings und loss of human life. During an enthquake, round motion with horizontal and vertical coceleration components are created the horizontalis sally severe while the vertical component is often negligible. Most damages come from the horizontal cumpunent. e) Torrades, tropical sam, cyclones, and hurricanes are rociated with min and winds that can cause landslides and catastrophie dugu. * Game Passenger cars Library anams Lihury socks HONDINS I TOTS 1 Elospitals Labs and operating roo ) Hotels private Hotels i corridors and public rooms) Manufacturing Office building door area Office building (lobbies 1st floor corrider) Assembly awthanenudas Assembly are theaters (stare area Lobbies Multi family apartments Public rooms Residential chesnar res and decks) Single Family (20 floor and habitable arties) Single family (Uninhabitable arties) School (CAN ) Schools (Corridors) Stors (Retail 1 floor) Stores (Retailer for Stairs and exits (single family duplex huildings) Stairs and exits all others) 100 4.79 Allow 50% of max wheellada raded on for Uw governing local code for actual design * Designing with Streeture In Mind Buildings can be supported in a fuw different way with retul columns and beams using light structural elements such as wood or steel framing. It is important for you to consider the type of how you are planning and the type of construction most suited to the style. The most common bo r tion thad in North America is wood framing. Many types of bomes can be built in this way. If your home will be a timber fram, adobe or straw balo home, you will most likely support it with posis and be . A canals be made only of r ural walls such as poured concret, cunicate block or conti Insulated Coccrete Forms (ICE) Combined Lands F.-12F F.-1.5JP+ + Table 3. Rctive Density of Soms Material Material Relative Density Load Pressures Roof snow load: 144P(pa Windlad 096 P (20 son verical surface Reinforced concrete Plain unte Brick work Tianbas Foundation Design Soul bearingsrength 96 kPa (2000ps! Loading Building live loads o nge from 10 psf to 100 put. Dead oeds can be from Tiles 0.07 psf te 20 per Tribut Area Area that contributes and to become
   

Answer 1

1)Following are the essential responsibilities of the structural designer or Engineer

a)Finalise the general layout of the structure and type of connection between the parts

b)Responsible for deciding the form or shape and size of the parts or components of a structure

c)Ensure that components can resist loads safely and economically

d)Performs analysis of loads,stress,deflection etc on parts and assemblies

e)Responsible for Preparation of design models and drawings

f)Responsible for ensuring that the structure can be fabricated and erected without difficulty

g)Responsible for ensuring that the maintenance of structure can be done without difficulty and will be economical

h)Responsible for ensuring the safety of the overall structure designed

i)Responsible for ensuring constructibility

j)Responsible for minimising the overall cost by ensuring economical design

2)Following are the factors considered while when planning and design of a building

a)Dead load i.e.,weight of roofs,walls,floor,foundation,Plumbing and electrical

b)Live Load-Weight of moving objects such as weight of people,trucks,cranes etc.,

c)Environmental loads-Weight of wind,rain ,snow,tornadoes,tropical storms,hurricane and earthquake

d)Type of Construction i.e., whether wood or steel farming to be considered

3)Following are the loads that will be considered while designing the building

Apart from Dead Load and Live Load which is normally considered for design,the following environmental Loads should be considered for constructing house in southwest houston

a)Snow load-In the month of January there will be small accumulation of snow on the roof

b)Loads due to Hurricane-In the past 100 years 7 major hurricanes are observed.

c)Earthquake-History of earthquake is observed in the past

d)Tropical storms-Storms are common January through November so this load should be considered

e)Apart from this wind and rain loads should be considered

f)Loads due to Tornadoes-Tornadoes are observed during severe weather