Question

1. What is Big Data and what characteristics distinguish it from traditional data?

2 . Describe the six (6) phases of the Knowledge Management System Cycle and include what happens in each phase

2. Name three (3) problems that can be minimized by using the database approach and three (3) issues that are maximized.

Answer 1

(1.) Big data generally refers to the extremely too large or complex data sets that is computationally analyzed to reveal some patterns, or trends  and get some information related to it this size of big data may be in exabytes, or petabytes, for example analyzing the behaviour of any user in social media and so on.

The characteristics that distinguish big data from traditional data are as follows:-

1. Traditional data can store only small amount of data where as big data can handle a large amount of data.
2. Traditional data are stored in centralized database architecture where as the big data can be stored into the distributed database architecture.
3. Traditional data system is based on structured data and fixed field formats where as big data support both structured and non structured data which improves the variety of data gathering.
4. Traditional data uses static database schema where as the big data uses dynamic database schema.
5. In traditional database the relationship between data items can be explored easily as there are less number of data structures and information but it is quite complicated in the big database as the size of big data is so large to handle.

(2.) Six phases of the knowledge management system cycle are as follows:-

1. Collecting:- In this phase the data are collected a proper data extraction mechanism should be performed so that there will be no inappropriate data gets extracted, there are different tools used for the data collection.
2. Organizing:- After the collection of data, a proper set of rules are followed to organize the data for example normalization of data can be performed which can improve the retrieval of the data.
3. Summarizing:- In this phase the organized data are summarized (if possible) so that the complexity of the data gets reduced, proper summarizing tools are used for this purpose.
4. Analyzing:- In this phase the analysis of the data takes place by finding the relationships between data so that some useful patterns or trends can be recognized   
5. Synthesizing:- In this phase the analysed data/information get combined to form a knowledge, this knowledge is stored in a software for future purpose.
6. Decision making:- Based on the knowledge retrieved some useful decisions can be performed.

(3.) Three problems that can be minimized by using database approach are as follows:-

1. Data redundancy
2. Data isolation
3. Data inconsistency

Three problems that can be maximized by using database approach are as follows;-

1. Data security
2. Data integrity
3. Data independence