Question

Listed below are the first 2 steps of the software life cycle. Describe what happens during each phase. 1. Analysis and specification of the task 2. Design of the software Listed below are the third and fourth steps of the software life cycle. Describe what happens during each phase. 3. Implementation 4. Testing Listed below are the last 2 steps of the software life cycle. Describe what happens during each phase. 5. Maintenance and evolution of the system 6. Obsolescence

Answer 1

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1. Analysis and specification of the task

• Gather, analyze, and validate the information.

• Define the requirements and prototypes for a new system.

• Evaluate the alternatives and prioritize the requirements.

• Examine the information needs of the end-user and enhances the system goal.

• A Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document, which specifies the software, hardware, functional, and network requirements of the system is prepared at the end of this phase.

2. Design of the software

• Includes the design of the application, network, databases, user interfaces, and system interfaces.

• Transform the SRS document into a logical structure, which contains a detailed and complete set of specifications that can be implemented in a programming language.

• Create a contingency, training, maintenance, and operation plan.

• Review the proposed design. Ensure that the final design must meet the requirements stated in the SRS document.

• Finally, prepare a design document that will be used during the next phases.

3. Implementation

• Implement the design into source code through coding.

• Combine all the modules together into a training environment that detects errors and defects.

• A test report which contains errors is prepared through a test plan that includes test-related tasks such as test case generation, testing criteria, and resource allocation for testing.

• Integrate the information system into its environment and install the new system.

4. Testing

This stage is usually a subset of all the stages as in the modern SDLC models, the testing activities are mostly involved in all the stages of SDLC. However, this stage refers to the testing only stage of the product where product defects are reported, tracked, fixed, and retested, until the product reaches the quality standards defined in the SRS.

5. Maintenance and evolution of the system

• This phase of the systems development life cycle assesses and ensures that the system does not become obsolete. The objective of the maintenance phase of the system development life cycle is to manage all changes to the system to support the end-user, monitor the system’s performance, perform required security activities, and finally move into the training and documentation for end-user support.

• This phase of the systems development life cycle is the post-implementation review. This phase identifies whether the system meets the initial requirements and objectives. This is when the system is evaluated for weaknesses. The objective of the evaluation phase of the systems development life cycle is to deploy the system and train the system end-users.

6. Obsolescence

As time elapses, the software may decline on the performance front. It may go completely obsolete or may need intense upgradation. Hence a pressing need to eliminate a major portion of the system arises. This phase includes archiving data and required software components, closing down the system, planning disposition activity, and terminating system at the appropriate end-of-system time.