Question

Two subsequent questions of the same type

Multiple Choice

a.	an argument	c.	a description
b.	an explanation	d.	none of these

9. “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN 1948) recognizes the right to freedom of movement across boundaries. . . . Article 14 anchors the right to enjoy asylum under certain circumstances, while Article 1 of the Declaration proclaims that everyone has ‘the right to a nationality’. . . . [but] The Universal Declaration is silent on states’ obligations to grant entry to immigrants, to uphold the right of asylum, and to permit citizenship to alien residents and denizens. . . . Despite the cross border character of these rights, the Declaration upholds the sovereignty of individual states. Thus a series of internal contradictions between universal human rights and territorial sovereignty are built into the logic of the most comprehensive international law documents in our world” [Seyla Benhabib, The Rights of Others: Aleiens, Residents, and Citizens, Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 11]

   10.   “In order to avoid misunderstanding, it might have been wiser to ask in the title: What was—and not what is—authority? For it is my contention that we are tempted and entitled to raise this question because authority has vanished from the modern world. Since we can no longer fall back upon authentic and undisputable experiences common to all, the very term has become clouded by controversy and confusion. Little about its nature appears self-evident or even comprehensible to everybody, except that the political scientist may still remember that this concept was once fundamental to political theory, or that most will agree that a constant, ever-widening and deepening crisis of authority has accompanied the development of the modern world in our century.” [Hannah Arendt, originally published as “What is Authority?” Between Past and Future, Harvard University Press, 1959; quoted here from The Portable Hannah Arendt, Penguin Books, 2000, p.462]