In a human body, the immune system is classified into 2 types
i.e. humoral response and innate response. There are numerous
immune cells having a roundabout similar actions on foreign
antigens. When a foreign antigen unknown to human immune cells
enter the host it is detected and worked upon by our immune cells
that aids in eliminating it. B cells are the primary activated
cells that help in the process by differentiating as plasma cells
and memory cells. Memory cells hold up the information of the
invading antigen and thus on a second encounter with the same
antigen the host immune response acts much faster as compared to
the first encounter and thus the impacts of the disease are not
much severe. Vaccines (boosters) act as a training course to our
bodies immune cells without exposing it to disease symptoms. The
viral property of the particular organism is eliminated and is then
injected into the human body, giving rise to an immune response and
thus activating the memory cells against that particular organism.
When in future the same organism (with viral property) attacks the
host it gets lysed by immune cells. However, some organisms have
the ability to adapt these actions of immune cells and thus coat
themselves with viral proteins and display themselves as an
altogether different organism thus multiple steps of vaccination
are implied at different ages.
5. (15 pts) Most immunizations require multiple exposures to the vaccine (i.e., boosters). Why is this...
Most immunizations require multiple exposures to the vaccine (i.e., boosters). Why is this the case? Sketch out a graph showing what the total antibody response would appear as upon both an initial antigen exposure and a secondary antigen exposure. Use antibody concentration on the Y-Axis and time on the X-Axis.