Question

please help with all pre-lab

Dynamic Equilibrium Simulation with Pennies 1 of 11 on Equilibrium is a state where there are no observable changes over time. Equilibrium is achieved when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. R =P In this activity, we will simulate a reversible reaction where R = P: the reactant molecules (R) are pennies, which react and are transferred from the side to the P side, while the product molecules (P) are pennies which are transferred from the P side to the side. In a given period of time, the coins will be transferred between two students. One third of the reactant molecules will be converted to products, while one quarter of the product molecules are converted back to reactants. The value of the reacting fractions (the "rate constant") depends on the temperature of the reaction. When the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, an equal number of pennies will be transferred from the R side and the P side. The number of pennies transferred from the side to the P side in a given period of time will be equal to the rate constant for the RP reaction, k, multiplied by the number of heads prior to the reaction. The number of pennies transferred from the P side to the side can be calculated in an analogous way. To get the population of pennies in the reactant side after one transfer round, take the initial number of pennies on the reactant side, subtract the number of pennies transferred from the side to the side, and add the number of pennies transferred from the side to the side. Calculate the number of pennies in the reactant side after one transfer round after in an analogous way. Objectives In this experiment, you will answer: What happens to the amount of reactants and products when equilibrium is reached? Does the position of equilibrium depend on the initial number of reactants? • What if more reactants or products are added to a system already at equilibrium? How does temperature affect the relative amounts of reactants and products at equilibrium? • What is the difference between reaction position and equilibrium position?

Answer 1

Answer

2. Equilibrium constant for the reaction   R = P is

                                                                K = [P]/[R]

3. The ratio of product and reactant is K. When the reaction reaches equilibrium, the ratio is equal to 1.

                                                               K = 1

Because, [P] = [R] at equilibrium.

4. Number of product and number of reactant reaches their respective constant values (steady values), when the reaction reaches equilibrium. Because, no more reaction will occur.

5. Rate of forward reaction = Rate of backward reaction, when the reaction reaches equilibrium.