Question

University- It is becoming more and more commonplace to turn on the television, pick up a newspaper, or browse the Web and find out about another sports fan behaving hally. You can attend a sporting event from professional to little leagues, and you are likely to encounter fans misbehaving. The misbehavior of fans has become legendary. The offenses run the gamut from simple mischief all the way to criminal behavior In fact, researchers have identified a subset of fans they term dysfunctional fans. "These fans tend to be overly aggressive with opposing teams, fans, and officials oftentimes yelling obscenities or throwing things. These fans are typically disruptive, confrontational, complain a great deal, and abuse alcohol while attending sporting events. In addition, these fans tend to be highly identi fied with a particular team. Team identification is defined as the degree to which the fan feels a psychological connection to the team. Fans exhibit high levels of team identification in numerous ways: following the players' careers, being students of team history, attending or watch- ing games, closely watching news coverage, wearing team apparel, just to name a few. There are additional benefits associated with high levels of team identi- fication: an improved state of well-being a greater sense of community, and strong social connections. In addition, high team identification is also positively correlated to game attendance and merchandise pur- chasing. Fans who identify highly with their teams consume sports-related products, services, and media such as television, talk radio, and websites at greater levels than their low-identifying counterparts. These high consumption levels are good for business. Unfor- tunately, there is also a dark side. Some researchers believe that excessive team identification is a determi- nant factor in fan misbehavior. ba Dysfunctional fans are characterized as aggressive males who lack self-control and have positive attitudes toward violent actions. Anecdotal evidence supports the research in this area.

Answer 1

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1. Any behavior from a fan that disturbs or interferes a game is unethical. Any fan interfering with another fan's enjoyment of the game is also considered to be unethical. All wrongful acts are considered to be unethical, therefore throwing objects at players, sexually abusing them, fighting are all examples of wrongful acts and are definitely unethical. Every fan has an ethical duty to obey the law. An ethical fan would never disturb a game, interfere with the enjoyment of another fan's game ans would never create problems for the event organizer. However what is considered to be ethical behavior is situational. Though a fan must not interfere another fan's game, if he stands up to cheer when a point is scored obstructing the view of another fan it is not considered unethical. It is the spirit of the game. All this stems from an immense and very high levels of loyalty towards a particular team. Fans identify themselves so much with the team and they feel a psychological connection with the team. A fan is the consumer of the game and loyalty is a consumer behavior that marketers exploit. Similarly a fan misbehavior is the fan consumer behavior. The benefits of this fan loyalty is it increases the footfalls to the games and merchandising is a huge business stream. Fans who highly identify themselves with teams consume anything related with their team which is a huge market potential for businesses.

2. For every game played regardless of whichever sport it is there are multiple stakeholders to it. Some of the stakeholders are as follows:

• Fans: Every fan who buys a ticket to a game enters into a relationship with the team or the franchise. He expects that he will be able to enjoy the game without any disturbances. When another fan interferes and disturbs the game itself is disturbed. One fan's misbehaviour interferes with the enjoyment of many other fans game
• Event organiser and stadium operator: So much of money is invested in a game to be conducted. Stadium management as well has spent so much on the infrastructure. When fans misbehave, sometimes the games are stopped creating huge losses and issues for the business. When fans get into fights things are broken thrown around all these leading to losses for the stakeholders.
• Government: The government includes the policemen. When any such misbehaviour happens these when strictly enforced can curtail misbehaviour to a certain extent. Criminal laws and civil legal actions need to be enforced for players, fans and anybody else when they engage in violence.Or we can also say that police are included in the government. If such wrongdoing happens, it can in a way restrict the misconduct if it is strictly enforced. If engaged in terrorism, criminal law and civil law must be applicable to performers, fans and anyone else.

3. The measures that can be taken to prevent fan misbehaviour are as follows:

• Display signboards in all prominent areas emphasizing on the expected spectator behaviour
• Make announcements in the beginning of the game and at intervals reminding fans of expected behaviours
• A lot of fan disruptions are caused because of all the action replays of questionable calls. Therefore limit the action replays and use video boards for entertainment and messages of good behaviour or in other words we can simply put it this way - Most fan problems are caused by the re-playing of questionable calls. Consequently, restrict the replay and use of video boards to entertainment and good conduct messages.
• Station police officers around the stadium. Establishing a strong presence of them will deter disruptions to a certain extent or in other words Police officers in the station around the stadium. Setting them up to a high degree can prevent disturbances.
• Train security and staff on how to handle disruptive behaviour
• Hold fans accountable for transgressions
• Limit the use of alcohol at sporting events

One of the best measure that can be adopted in Alabama is to restrict the use of alcohol at the games. Most of this misbehaviour happens under the influence of alcohol and at that state of mind generally fans are do not bother about the consequences of their actions.