Question

1) All the following compromise immunity to infection, except ____________.

A. Pregnancy

B. Antimicrobials

C. Malnutrition

D. Microbiota

E. Chemotherapy

2) A common etiologic agent of meningitis is?

A. Inducers I1 and I2

B. The CRP-cAMP site

C. The terminator

D. Operators O1 and O2

E. The RNA polymerase

3) Many pathogens have both acute and latent cycles of infection.

A. True

B. False

4) Tetanospasmin blocks delivery of what neurotransmitter to the synaptic cleft?

A. Adrenaline

B. Epinephrine

C. Acetylcholine

D. GABA

E. BoNT

5) The spleen is a primary organ of the immune system.

A. True

B. False

6) Plague is transmitted by rats.

A. True

B. False

Answer 1

1. in pregnancy corticosteroid levels are increased which lowers the host immune mechanisms and become susceptible to infections

Antimicrobials can kill normal flora along with the pathogens. this makes the host susceptible to opportunistic infections

malnutrition causes the immune system to be weakened as antibodies may not be produced in proper quantities and the person becomes susceptible to infection

chemotherapy supresses the bone marrow and reduces the counts of cells of immune system and makes a person susceptible to infections

Microbiota are commensal flora which are normally present in the human body. they do not allow pathogens to colonise the body and protect us from infections.

So, the answer is option D.Microbiota

2. The options given to the question seems to be wrong. The common bacterial etiological agent of meningitis are Neisseria menigitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae type B.

3. True.

many pathogens like Mycobacterium have both acute and latent cycles of infection. They can cause disease in a short incubation period and can also get reactivated after a period of latency.

4. Answer is option C. acetylcholine

Tetanospasmin is a toxin produced by Clostridium tetani. It causes tetanus.

5. False

Thymus and bone marrow are the primary organs of immune system. Spleen and lymphnodes are secondary organs of immune system

6. Plague is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. It is a zoonotic disease spread by rat and rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis). So the statement is true.