Question

RADIATION THERAPY (DOSIMETRY) PROBLEMS

SCENARIO 1: Ann has been diagnosed with breast cancer. For her treatment, she will receive three fields to include an SCF field. List and explain what could be done during her fields to correct for divergence. Include a simple drawing to demonstrate (2 points each).

Correct Divergence (2 points)

Drawing (2 points)

Page/online references (2 points)

SCENARIO 2: Todd has been diagnosed with Medullolblastoma. His first and second field are 20 cm wide by 12 cm length. His superior spinal field is 6 cm wide by 18 cm length. His inferior spinal field is 6 cm wide by 16 cm length. Describe what and how he is being treated (2 points each). NOTE: No need to do Math here like calculating skin gap, divergence, etc as there is not enough info. to be supplied in any formulas. Just simply answer the questions.

If the couch is angled, which field(s) would it be angled on? By how much?

If a skin gap is calculated, which fields would be gapped? By how much?

If the collimator were to be rotated, which fields would be rotated? By how much?

Include a simple drawing of one of the 3 parts of this question.

Answer 1

Cognitive biases are systematic flaws in the way people process information and make decisions.These biases affect our thought process in every area of life,from how we form our memories,to how we shape our beliefs,and to how we connect with other people.

Because cognitive biases have such a pervasive influence,it's important to understand them.Accordingly these biases can lead to minor issues,such as forgetting a small detail from a past event.or they can lead to more serious issues,such as choosing to reject life-saving treatment due to a misguided belief in a pseudoscientific course of treatment.

Overall,biases can affect us in many areas ofl ife,from how we interpret new information,to how we remember past events,and to how we perceive other people.

These biases are generally viewed as a shared universal trait that all humans experience.This is because biases occur due to the way that our basic cognitive system was,meaning that anyone can experience cognitive biases,including entrepreneurs,medical doctors and even psycologists.

It is important to note that various background factors,such as age and personality type,can make people more predisposed to certain cognitive biases.However,the relationship between these background factors and the occurrence of cognitive biases highly complex,and every person experiences some cognitive biases,to some degree

How to avoid Bias in Qualitative Research:

1. Review your institution's or sponser's guidelines for conducting research

2. Draft your study early in the process.

3. Keep detailed records.

4. Incorporate all data in the report

5. Acknowledge the limitations.

6. Ask indirect questions to limit bias

7. Craft open-ended questions

8. Maintain a neutral stance

9. Avoid implying that there is a right answer