Gene expression from the lac operon can be controlled in many ways, including a robust negative regulation strategy.
Gene expression from the lac operon can be controlled in many ways, including a robust negative regulation strategy. Select mutations that would reduce the effectiveness of this negative regulation and increase lac operon activity.
Homework Answers
mutation of the –10 promoter sequence to more closely resemble the E. coli consensus sequence
mutation that deletes the lacI gene
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Gene expression from the lac operon can be controlled in many ways, including a robust negative regulation strategy.
Gene Regulation Describe the regulation of the lac operon in E. coli. a. the structure of...
Gene Regulation Describe the regulation of the lac operon in E. coli. a. the structure of lac operon in E.coli. b. Role of CAP and cAMP the activator binding site c. Role of Lac Repressor and Operator and Inducer d. Role of Looping e. Effect of mutations f. Recessive v dominant mutations g. Complementing v noncomplementing mutations. Describe the regulation of the trp operon in E. coli. Describe at least three kinds of molecular switches involved in gene regulation. What...
1. Describe in detail how both positive and negative regulation control expression of the lac operon...
1. Describe in detail how both positive and negative regulation control expression of the lac operon in bacteria. In doing this, also convey understanding of how and why expression of this operon is controlled two ways (positive and negative). Also answer, what are the energetic benefits to the cell of operon regulation? 2. What is horizontal gene transfer? Describe in detail the three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer. What are the evolutionary advantages and costs of horizontal gene transfer. I...
Complete the comparison of the lac Operon and trp Operons as a means of gene regulation.
ACTIVITY #2: Operon control of gene expressionComplete the comparison of the lac Operon and trp Operons as a means of gene regulation. lac operorn trp operon Regulates production of Name of Regulatory gene" and what it produces What binds to the operator & when does this occur: Structural genes controlled by the operon and how their expression is controlled: High levels of what substance affects the operon how?
3. Mutations in bacteria that affect gene regulation may have a cis- or trans-effect on the...
3. Mutations in bacteria that affect gene regulation may have a cis- or trans-effect on the expression of the protein-encoding genes in an operon? How would the following mutations affect the expression of the lac operon? Assume there could be more than one lac operon in the cell and that no glucose is present. A. A mutation in the operator site that prevents the lac repressor from binding. B. A mutation in the lacI gene that prevents allolactose from binding,...
The lac operon consists of a promoter that initiates transcription of the gene i, which encodes...
The lac operon consists of a promoter that initiates
transcription of the gene i, which encodes a repressor protein. A
seperate promoter, p, within the operon initiates transcription of
z, which encodes B-galactosidase, and y, which encodes permease.
The operator, o, where the repressor protein binds to inhibit
transcription, is positioned between mutations, whereas superscript
c denotes a constitutively active mutant. The table below sea fives
the activity of B-galatosidase and permease for haploid and diploid
mutant strains. Match the...
Catabolite repression can regulate the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. In terms of...
Catabolite repression can regulate the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. In terms of this positive regulation of the lac operon: What is the activator? Would it work in cis or trans? What molecule binds to the allosteric domain of the activator? What influences strongly the levels of the molecule you answered for part b? To what regulatory sequence does the activator bind? What part/domain of the activator? What is the effect of this binding? Name the two...
When the expression level of the lac operon is quantitated, the amounts of the gene products...
When the expression level of the lac operon is quantitated, the amounts of the gene products of the loc z. lacy and loc a genes are present in the ratios 10:52 respectively. ONE of the 5 following statements regarding this is FALSE. Identify the FALSE statement. O Shine-Dalgarno sequences can vary in their effectiveness O All proteins are not required in equal amounts by a cell O Different promoter strengths can produce different amounts of mRNA O Secondary structures may...
QUESTION 8 The following situations (1-4) involve different types of gene regulation in prokaryotic cells as shown. OFF...
QUESTION 8 The following situations (1-4) involve different types of gene regulation in prokaryotic cells as shown. OFF and ON reter to whether the gene is transcribed or not. Draw clearly-labelled regulatory proteins and effector molecules in each diagram to explain how the regulation works in each case. The first one has been done for you as an example a) (6 marks) Type of Regulation Regulatory protein effector molecule 1 DNA X negative inducible OFF ON 2 negative repressible DNA...
1. Describe the lac operon and its regulation. Figures can be helpful for darity, but are...
1. Describe the lac operon and its regulation. Figures can be helpful for darity, but are not required. 2. Describe the wild-type E. coli phenotype for beta-galactosidase expression in glucose-rich, lactose-rich, and glucose/lactose-rich environments. 3. What is ONPG, and why is it used to determine the levels of beta-galactosidase activity? 4. Explain the control(s) used in the experiment. 5. Explain any sources of error in this experiment: if the experiment didn't go as planned, give at least one reason why...
For Questions 4-18, consider the mutations described in the left-hand column below. Identify whether the Lac operon will be ON or OFF in each of the environments listed across the top. The expression...
For Questions 4-18, consider the mutations described in the left-hand column below. Identify whether the Lac operon will be ON or OFF in each of the environments listed across the top. The expression of the normal (wild type) operon is given. Note that "ON" and "OFF" refer to whether the operon is expressed at high levels (ON) or basal//low/no levels (OFF). (Hint: mutations render the indicated site inactive while leaving the remaining part of the operon or protein functional.) Note...
1. Describe in detail how both positive and negative regulation control expression of the lac operon in bacteria. In doing this, also convey understanding of how and why expression of this operon is controlled two ways (positive and negative). Also answer, what are the energetic benefits to the cell of operon regulation? 2. What is horizontal gene transfer? Describe in detail the three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer. What are the evolutionary advantages and costs of horizontal gene transfer. I...
The lac operon consists of a promoter that initiates
transcription of the gene i, which encodes a repressor protein. A
seperate promoter, p, within the operon initiates transcription of
z, which encodes B-galactosidase, and y, which encodes permease.
The operator, o, where the repressor protein binds to inhibit
transcription, is positioned between mutations, whereas superscript
c denotes a constitutively active mutant. The table below sea fives
the activity of B-galatosidase and permease for haploid and diploid
mutant strains. Match the...
When the expression level of the lac operon is quantitated, the amounts of the gene products of the loc z. lacy and loc a genes are present in the ratios 10:52 respectively. ONE of the 5 following statements regarding this is FALSE. Identify the FALSE statement. O Shine-Dalgarno sequences can vary in their effectiveness O All proteins are not required in equal amounts by a cell O Different promoter strengths can produce different amounts of mRNA O Secondary structures may...
QUESTION 8 The following situations (1-4) involve different types of gene regulation in prokaryotic cells as shown. OFF and ON reter to whether the gene is transcribed or not. Draw clearly-labelled regulatory proteins and effector molecules in each diagram to explain how the regulation works in each case. The first one has been done for you as an example a) (6 marks) Type of Regulation Regulatory protein effector molecule 1 DNA X negative inducible OFF ON 2 negative repressible DNA...
1. Describe the lac operon and its regulation. Figures can be helpful for darity, but are not required. 2. Describe the wild-type E. coli phenotype for beta-galactosidase expression in glucose-rich, lactose-rich, and glucose/lactose-rich environments. 3. What is ONPG, and why is it used to determine the levels of beta-galactosidase activity? 4. Explain the control(s) used in the experiment. 5. Explain any sources of error in this experiment: if the experiment didn't go as planned, give at least one reason why...
For Questions 4-18, consider the mutations described in the left-hand column below. Identify whether the Lac operon will be ON or OFF in each of the environments listed across the top. The expression of the normal (wild type) operon is given. Note that "ON" and "OFF" refer to whether the operon is expressed at high levels (ON) or basal//low/no levels (OFF). (Hint: mutations render the indicated site inactive while leaving the remaining part of the operon or protein functional.) Note...
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