Question

need help with 1 and 2

1. Compare and contrast the neural plasticity mechanisms of synaptic depression & synaptic facilitation. How many neurons are involved in these plasticity mechanisms, i.e. homosynaptic vs. heterosynaptic? You should discuss frequency of action potentials in the first neuron, any activity of other neurons, and effects on amplitude of graded potentials in the final neuron in the series. Is the final neuron more or less likely to produce action potentials following the activation of each plasticity mechanism? 2. Compare and contrast the neural plasticity mechanisms of presynaptic facilitation & presynaptic inhibition. How many neurons are involved in these plasticity mechanisms, i.e. homosynaptic vs. heterosynaptic? You should discuss frequency of action potentials in the first neuron, any activity of other neurons, and effect on amplitude of graded potentials in the final neuron in the series. Is the final neuron more or less likely to produce action potentials following the activation of each plasticity mechanism?

need help with all of 1 and all of 2 with regards to neuroscience

Answer 1

Answer:

Q-1):

• Neural plasticity refers to the plasticity of neurons that helps them in varying their strength in accordance with their function.
• Two neurons are involved in synaptic plasticity.
• This plasticity is of two types - homosynaptic plasticity and heterosynaptic plasticity.
• Homosynaptic plasticity refers to plasticity achieved by the intrinsic ability of the neuron to vary its strength and Heterosynaptic plasticity refers to plasticity achieved by using outside (extrinsic) pathways for varying its strength.
• Homosynaptic plasticity is further divided into two more types, namely - synaptic depression and synaptic facilitation.
• When the second action potential in neurons produces a smaller excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) than the first action potential, a synaptic depression is observed.
• On the other hand, if the EPSP produces by the second action potential is larger than the first, synaptic facilitation is observed.

Q-2):

• A type of heterosynaptic plasticity, axoaxonic synapses (when one neuron synapses onto another), mediates presynaptic facilitation and presynaptic inhibition.
• When an action potential in the presynaptic cell produces an EPSP in the postsynaptic cell, an axoaxonic synapse is made by the modulatory cell (M1) with the presynaptic cell.
• The EPSP in this postsynaptic cell is smaller and causes the phenomenon of presynaptic inhibition.
• On the other hand, when M1 can increase the strength of the synaptic pathway (complementary to presynaptic inhibition), it leads to the phenomenon of presynaptic facilitation.

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