how to pick ? and ? for a test by looking at type I and type II error consequences
A Type I error is often represented by the Greek letter alpha (?) and a Type II error by the Greek letter beta (? ). In choosing a level of probability for a test, you are actually deciding how much you want to risk committing a Type I error—rejecting the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, true. For this reason, the area in the region of rejection is sometimes called the alpha level because it represents the likelihood of committing a Type I error.
In order to graphically depict a Type II, or ?, error, it is necessary to imagine next to the distribution for the null hypothesis a second distribution for the true alternative (see Figure 1). If the alternative hypothesis is actually true, but you fail to reject the null hypothesis for all values of the test statistic falling to the left of the critical value, then the area of the curve of the alternative (true) hypothesis lying to the left of the critical value represents the percentage of times that you will have made a Type II error.
Figure 1.Graphical depiction of the relation between Type I and
Type II errors, and the power of the test.
Type I and Type II errors are inversely related: As one increases, the other decreases. The Type I, or ? (alpha), error rate is usually set in advance by the researcher. The Type II error rate for a given test is harder to know because it requires estimating the distribution of the alternative hypothesis, which is usually unknown.
A related concept is power—the probability that a test will reject the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, false. You can see from Figure 1 that power is simply 1 minus the Type II error rate (?). High power is desirable. Like ?, power can be difficult to estimate accurately, but increasing the sample size always increases power.
Assume that a hypothesis test of the given claim will be conducted. Identify the type I or type II error for the test. A consumer advocacy group claims that the mean mileage for the Carter Motor Company's new sedan is less than 32 miles per gallon. Identify the type I error for the test.
Assume that a hypothesis test of a given claim will be conducted. Identify the type I or type II error for the test. An entomologist writes an article in a scientific journal which claims that fewer than 11 in ten thousand male fireflies are unable to produce light due to a genetic mutation. Identify the type I error for the test.
statistics 10 (a). Explain type I error and type II error in hypothesis. b) Test the hypothesis using If n=300; x = 75; α= 0.01 left to right problem
Which of the following is/are true? Type I and Type II error probabilities are complements Type I and Type II errors cannot both occur in one hypothesis test. Type I and Type II error probabilities are conditional probabilities. At least one of Type I or Type II errors must occur.
12 (a). Explain type I error and type II error in hypothesis. b) Test the hypothesis using H0 : p=0.6 versus H1 : p is greater than 0.6 If n=300; x = 75; α= 0.01
Problem 1 [Sans R (a). Say a test can detect a disease with a type I error rate (false positive) of 10 % and a type II error rate (missed positive) of 0.1 %. If a person is randomly chosen from the population, the chance of having this disease is 0.1 %. If a random person is chosen from the population and tests positive for this disease, what is the probability they have this disease? (b). Say a test can...
Determine whether the outcome is a Type I error, a Type II error, or a correct decision. A test is made of H0: μ = 67 versus H1: μ ≠ 67. The true value of μ is 68 and H0 is not rejected a)Type II error b)Type I error c)Correct decision
Determine whether the outcome is a Type I error, a Type II error, or a correct decision. A test is made of H0: μ = 40 versus H1: μ ≠ 40. The true value of μ is 40 and H0 is rejected. Group of answer choices Correct decision Type II error Type I error
What would be Type I or Type II errors in these scenarios: If a consumer group wants to see if people can tell whether they are drinking tap water or bottled water would this create a Type I or Type II error? If a college instructor wishes to see whether his students prefer to work on assignments individually or in groups would a Type I or Type II error occur? If a teacher is evaluating a program designed to improve...
if a hypothesis test leads to failing to reject the null hypothesis, a___ a) type II error must have been committed b) type II error MAY have been committed c) type I error MAY have been commited