Therefore,biased galaxy means phenomenological mode of galaxy formation in simulation.It leads to complication in interpretation of galaxy redshift surveys since its description is necessarily empirical and very approximate.
What is meant by biased galaxy formation? How can this effect complicate the interpretation of galaxy...
what is meant by customers expectations? what are the factors that can effect customer's expectations? how customers' expectations of service might differ among customers? why it is important to service providers to know customers' expectations, explain the service providers implication of these expectations, and how customers' expectations can affect service providers? support your answer with illustrative examples (at least two examples)
How can diet effect the formation of plaques in atherosclerosis?
What is specifically meant by the Meissner effect and how is it related to superconductivity. Relate the magnetic susceptibility data from YBa2Cu3O7 in to your answer.
Explain in a very detailed way what the greenhouse effect is. As detailed it is meant to say, which are the chemicals and gases involved in this process, how the process itself works. And how the consequences of these phenomenon can be seen. Also, tell possible ways that can be used to mitigate the greenhouse effect.
1. How do the stars in the disk of the galaxy differ from the ones in the bulge and halo? 2. What triggers formation of stars in the spiral arms of our galaxy?
What sort of interactions at the genetic and genome level can complicate measures of natural selection on natural populations?
3. The observed recession velocity of a galaxy is the sum of its Hubble flow velocity, UH = Hod, and the line-of-sight (LOS) component of its peculiar velocity, vp, due to local gravitational effects. a) Suppose we measure Ho by measuring the distance and redshift for a single galaxy velocity of the galaxy?10 b) At what distance can we measure Ho to 5%? Assume the true value of Ho is 74 kin s-"Mpc-1 and a typical LOS peculiar velocity is...
Is this correct? In Racial Formation (1994) Michael Omi & Howard Winant, what is meant by racial formation? The ways that racial categories are historically invented, transformed, and destroyed The ways in which white groups control non-white groups The process by which individuals racially define themselves The study of the relationship between auon and race
The observed recession velocity of a galaxy is the sum of its Hubble flow velocity, vH = H0d, and the line-of-sight (LOS) component of its peculiar velocity, vp, due to local gravitational effects. a) Suppose we measure H0 by measuring the distance and redshift for a single galaxy. Write an expression for how the error in our measurement depends on the peculiar velocity of the galaxy? b) At what distance can we measure H0 to 5%? Assume the true value...
D. (a) How fast and in what direction must galaxy A be moving if an absorption line found at 500 nm wavelength for a stationary galaxy is shifted to 450 nm for galaxy A? (b) How fast and in what direction is galaxy B moving if it shows the same line shifted to 650 nm?