Question

How can diet effect the formation of plaques in atherosclerosis?

Answer 1

Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels including high LDL (Low density lipoprotein) cholesterol and low HDL (High density lipoprotein) are the major risk factors. HDL cholesterol is called the ‘good cholesterol’ because it helps to keep cholesterol from building up in the arteries. LDL cholesterol is called the ‘bad cholesterol’ because it is the main source of cholesterol build-up and blockage in the arteries. An unhealthy diet such as foods that are high in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, sodium (salt) and sugar can influence plaques formation.

Saturated fat is a main reason in the buildup of plaque in the arteries. A primary source of saturated fat is animal products such as whole milk and cream, butter, high-fat cheese, red meat, processed meats, including sausage, hot dogs etc. Trans fat is a type of man-made fat that is found in foods that contain partially hydrogenated oil. It forms when hydrogen is added to liquid oil, turning it into solid fat. Consumption of trans-fat and saturated fat increase the LDL and VLDL level in blood which are the key risk factors for plaques formation. An increased blood concentration of LDL (apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins) initiates lipoprotein retention, cell inflammation, foam cell formation and apoptosis. Intake of unsaturated fat (grains, tree nuts, fruits and vegetables) increases HDL level.