Question

Part Il: Diet and CV Disease. Use the book to answer the following questions. You may attach an extra sheet if necessary. If a paragraph is required, a paragraph is atways 5-7 sentences 1. Describe "metabolic syndrome". What are the components and what is its significance? (1 paragraph) 2. Explain why the combination of atherosclerosis and plaques can put a person at risk for CVA, PVD and MI (1 paragraph) 3. Describe risk factors for CV disease including dietary risk factors (1 paragraph) 4 Describe at least TEN key teaching points related to dietary management of CV disease. Especially focus on hypertension, heart failure and myocardial infarction.

Answer 1

Answer :

Q. No 1. Answer :

Metabolic syndrome :

It is defined as it is a group of biochemical and physiological abnormalities and these are associated with development of cardiovascular diseases and type two diabetes mellitus or non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and stoke.

Components of metabolic syndrome :

It includes mainly Abdominal obesity, Artherogenic dislipodemia, increased blood pressure or hypertension, insulin resistance or diabetes mellitus, pro inflammatory and pro thrombotic state.

If these components are significance for the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus, and increased risk for stokes, and blood clots formation due to that decreased blood circulation to the legs or develops peripheral vascular diseases.

If It is chronic it may leads to fatal situation to the clients.

Q. No 2. Answer :

The combination of atherosclerosis and plaques can put a person in development of cardiovascular diseases and peripheral vascular diseases.

Because, artheroslcerosis means accumulation of fat in blood vessels, and plaque also abstructive particles in the blood vessels of the heart so that the blood circulation may decreases to the parts of the heart and to the body parts of peripheral system, which may leads to development of cardiovascular diseases and peripheral vascular diseases and myocardial infarction.

Q. No 3. Answer :

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases :

* there are so many risk factors like traditional risk factors, Novel risk factors, Uremic specific risk factors.

Mainly under these includes

* Traditional risk factors : like smoking, male sex due to stress, insulin resistance due to the age factors, diabetes, heriditory or genetic factors, lack of physical activity, sedentary life style, tobacco usage, psychological stress etc.

* Novel risk factors like chronic kidney failure, decreased glomerular filtration rate, dislipidemia, anemia, malnutrition, indications and any inflammations, any electrolyle imbalances like calcium and phosphorus etc.

* Uremic specific risk factors :

Like vascular calcification, and uremic volume over load and anemia and phasphotemia etc.

Dietary factors includes high fat diet intake, high salt diet, high cholesterol diet, unprocessed read meat, butter, cheese, sugars, and starches, and refined grains etc.

Q. No 4. Answer :

Dietary key points for cardiovascular diseases and hypertension and myocardial infarction :

* high salt diet may increases heart diseases so, salt restriction diet is important.

* whole grain cereals and legumes, nuts fruits and vegetables are beneficial foods, to reduce cardiovascular diseases.

* low fat content diet should be taken.

* and low carbohydrate content diet should be taken.

* DASH(dietary approaches to stop hypertension) should be follow like half of the meal plate should be contacting vegitables,or fruits.

* advice to take high fiber diet and low fat diet.

* In DASH diet sodium levels should be 1500 - 2300 mg per day. So that we can control the blood pressure.

* good physical exercises also can help to use the calories and leads to decreased risk for heart problems.

* finally low fat and low saturated fat diet and salt restriction and carbohydrates low diet and more fruits and vegetables, and whole grains and cereals and less milk and milk products may useful in decreases the risk of getting heart diseases like myocardial infarction, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.