Question

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PHC 271

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

Case Study

A 55-year-old man presents to the clinic with complaints of

chest pain. He states that for the past 5 months he has noted intermittent substernal chest pressure radiating to the left arm. The pain occurs primarily when exercising vigorously and is relieved with rest. He denies associated shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, or diaphoresis. He has a medical history significant for hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. He is taking atenolol for his high blood pressure and is eating a low-cholesterol diet. His family history is notable for a father who died of myocardial infarction at age 56 years. He has a

50-pack-year smoking history and is currently trying to quit.

His physical examination is within normal limits with the exception of his blood pressure, which is 145/95 mm Hg, with

a heart rate of 75 bpm.

Based on the above case address the following questions.

1) What is the likely diagnosis of this case? Explain, how would you classify the disease clinically?

2) Define the disease and what are the most common causes of this disease likely in the patient?

3) Are there any risk factors for the disease? If yes, then write down the common risk factors of the disease?

4) What lifestyle changes could make a difference for this patient?

5) Discuss the public health approaches in reducing and in the prevention of the health problem.

(Average word number 500-1000 )

_____________________________

************ Please answer number 5 and complete my answer to be  500 words please ******I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

1) The patient may likely to diagnose with angina pectoris.

There are 3 main types of angina. They are:

a) Stable angina: In this case the episodes of chest pain that patient experience is nearly predictable.

b) Unstable angina: In this case the chest pain of angina can occur at any time often when the patient is resting.

C) Varient angina: It occur due to the spasm of coronary artery and can occur at any time even at rest.

2) Angina pectoris is a radiating chest pain caused by the reduced blood flow to the heart.

Causes of angina is associated with coronary artery diseases. The artery become narrowed due to the fatty deposits called as plaques and condition is known as atherosclerosis.

Physical activity, stress, cold temperatures, smoking, heavy metal etc can also triggers angina.

3) There are many risk factors associated with angina: chewing tobacco and smoking can damage interior wall of arteries. Diabetes can increase the risk of angina and heart attacks. High blood pressure can damage artery by accelerating the artery wall hardening. High blood cholesterol that deposit plaques and thus cause atherosclerosis which can cause angina. Family history of heart disease, obeisity, stress and lack of exercise are other risk factors.

4) Life style modifications:

Stop smoking if you are a smoker.

Eat healthy balanced diet with low saturated fat, trans fat and sugars.

A safe exercise plan has to be adopted by the recommendation of the physician.

If you are overweight then find a way to achieve a healthy weight.

Find ways to relieve stress.

Answer 1

Public health approaches in reducing and in the prevention of angina pectoris are the following below:-

• Supervised exercise program - Explain the importance of exercises to promote collateral circulation and increase HDL(high density lipid) also explain to avoid ischaemia state (low of oxygen level which cannot meet metabolic demands of muscles)
• Management of hypertension-blood pressure should be maintained . Hypertension leads to angina pectoris .So aware people about hypertension to avoid angina pectoris.
• Avoid heavy meals - Teach the importance of small and frequent diet with low fat .
• Teach about the position of body . maintenance of bed or chair rest to decrease oxygen tissue demands.
• Also explain the importance of deep breath and purse lip breathing to improve tissue oxygenation.
• Diabetes is also associated with angina pectoris so aware clients about the risk of angina pectoris who are already diagnosed .These clients are vulnerable for this disease so target these clients to understand the precaution and prevention from angina pectoris.
• Reinforce need to avoid exertion (for example- shoveling snow) and exposure to cold,however emphasize the need for regular exercise approved by health care provider or participation in the cardiac rehabilitation. Program.
• Support involvement in smoking cessation ,weight control,and exercise program in groups .
• Reduced level of anxiety by share emotions .and make informal or formal group regarding alteration in lifestyle.
• Eliminate stimulates such as caffeine that can precipitate this condition so that ,this can be prevented.
• Show role play on streets or make ads about such modifications to prevent angina pectoris on social mass.