Question

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*Course Name: PHC 271-Introduction to Disease

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

( Please i need more than 500 words please)

Case Study

A 55-year-old man presents to the clinic with complaints of
chest pain. He states that for the past 5 months he has noted intermittent substernal chest pressure radiating to the left arm. The pain occurs primarily when exercising vigorously and is relieved with rest. He denies associated shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, or diaphoresis. He has a medical history significant for hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. He is taking atenolol for his high blood pressure and is eating a low-cholesterol diet. His family history is notable for a father who died of myocardial infarction at age 56 years. He has a
50-pack-year smoking history and is currently trying to quit.
His physical examination is within normal limits with the exception of his blood pressure, which is 145/95 mm Hg, with
a heart rate of 75 bpm.
Based on the above case address the following questions.

1) What is the likely diagnosis of this case? Explain, how would you classify the disease clinically?

2) Define the disease and what are the most common causes of this disease likely in the patient?

3) Are there any risk factors for the disease? If yes, then write down the common risk factors of the disease?

4) What lifestyle changes could make a difference for this patient?

5) Discuss the public health approaches in reducing and in the prevention of the health problem.

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

( Please i need more than 500 words please)

Answer 1

The patient is experiencing intermittent substernal chest pressure radiating to the left arm without associated symptoms like shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, or diaphoresis, during vigorous exercise which is relieved by rest. He has hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia and family history is significant foe myocardial infarction.

1. All this data give the clue for diagnosis of stable angina which is a type of angina pectoris. It is a symptom of coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease has different types, they are stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.

1. Stable angina; The chest pain appears during physical activity or emotional stress and disappear after taking rest or after administration of sublingual nitroglycerin. The chest pain will be intermittent and last for few minutes which can spreads to the arms, back, or other areas.

2. Unstable angina; It is a type of acute coronary syndrome which is characterized by new onset of chest pain even at rest which has a prolonged duration of time and will not be relieved by rest or use of medication. The pain become worsened, prolonged, and more intensive by time and is an indicator of impending cardiac arrest.

3. Myocardial infarction; The chest pain occur due to permanent damage of cardiac muscle due to the complete obstruction of the blood flow. This can lead to heart failure. The symptoms include severe chest pain radiating to left shoulder arm, abdomen with shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, or diaphoresis.

4. Sudden cardiac death.

2.

• Definition

Coronary artery disease is the reduction or obstruction of blood flow through the coronary arteries which supply coronary muscles due to narrowing of the vascular lumen due to build up of plaques.

Angina pectoris is the chest pain due to ischemia of heart muscles caused by the obstruction of blood flow through the coronary arteries due to plaque formation.

• The cause

The patient has a habit of smoking and has history of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia which may be the cause of developing his condition.

3. The risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, poor diet, smoking and alcoholism, family history of cardiac diseases.

4. The lifestyle changes could make a difference for this patient include quite smoking and start regular physical exercise as per the advice of the physician. He has to continue with low cholesterol diet to control cholesterol levels. In addition, He has to follow a diabetic and low sodium diet as well to control hypertension and diabetes. Eating healthy diet, stop smoking and Maintenance of weight is very important.