Question

5. Throughout this assignment, you have been evaluating your diet. A healthy diet has been linked to possible prevention of many diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer (Some helpful information in the textbook: Figures 1-1 and 11-3, Table 11-6). [12 marks] a) Summarize 2 aspects of your diet that are promoting good health and disease prevention. Include specific links between the aspects of your diet and specific health conditions/diseases. [6 marks 3 marks per aspect with specific link to chronic condition/illness] (E.g. my diet meets the recommendation for % calories from fat, reducing my risk for heart disease). Do not list vitamin or mineral deficiency diseases (e.g. beri-beri. pellagra etc) b) Summarize 2 dietary changes that will make your diet healthier and contribute to disease prevention. Include specific links between the aspects of your diet and specific health conditions/diseases. [6 marks 3 marks per change with specific link to health condition/disease state]. (E.g. I will drink more milk to increase my calcium intake to lower my risk of osteoporosis). Do not list vitamin or mineral deficiency diseases (e.g. beri beri, pellagra. etc) Figure 1-1 Nutrition and Disease Not all diseases are equally influenced by diet. Some are almost purely genetic, like the anemia of sickle cell disease. Some may be inherited (or the tendency to develop them may be inherited in the genes) but may be influenced by diet, like some forms of diabetes. Some are purely dietary, like the vitamin and mineral deficiency diseases. Adult bone loss Down syndrome Diabetes Iron deficiency (anemia) (osteoporosis) Hemophilia Hypertension Heart disease Cancer Less nutrition related Vitamin deficiencies Sickle cell anemia More nutrition related Infectious diseases Mineral deficiencies Toxicities Poor resistance to disease Other Risk Factors Diet Risk Factors Cancers Hypertension Some Diabetes (type 2) cancerS Osteoporosis Atherosclerosis Obesity Stroke Diverticulosis Gallbladd disease Dental and oral disease This flowcha factors for ot This chart shows that the same risk factor can affect many degenerative diseases. Notice, for example, how many diseases have been linked to a sedentary lifestyle. The chart also shows that a particular disease, such as atherosclerosis, can have several risk factors. C betes is likely conditions, ir ative disease Degenerative Diseases High saturated fat/trans fat intake Excessive alcohol intake Low complex carbohydrate/fiber intake Low vitamin and/or mineral intake High sugar intake High intake of salty or pickled foods NGenetics N N Sedentary lifestyle Smoking and tobacco use Stress Environmental contaminants TABLE 11 6 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CANCERS AT SPECIFIC SITES Cancer Sites Associated with: Possible Protective Effect from: Bladder cancer Cigarette smoking and alcohol; weak asso- ciation with coffee and chlorinated drinking Fruits and vegetables (especially fruits); ade- quate fluid intake water Breast cancer High intakes of food energy, alcohol intake; low vitamin A intake; obesity; sedentary lifestyle; probably high saturated fat intake; possibly high sucrose intake Folate deficiency, viral infection; possibly cigarette smoking High intakes of fat (particularly saturated fat), red meat, alcohol, and supplemental iron; low intakes of fiber, folate, vitamin D, calcium, and vegetables; obesity; inactivity cigarette smoking Possibly, high intakes of red meat (especially fried, sautéed, charred, burned, or cooked well-done); cigarette smoking; obesity Heavy use of alcohol, tobacco, and espe- cially combined use; heavy use of preserved foods (such as pickles); low intakes of vita- mins and minerals; obesity (esophageal) Infection with hepatitis virus; high intakes of alcohol; iron overload; toxins of a mold (aflatoxin) or other toxicity Smoking; low vitamin A; supplements of beta-carotene (in smokers); air pollution Possibly, high lactose intake from milk products; inversely correlated with oral contraceptive use Possibly, high intakes of red meat; correlated with cigarette smoking Monounsaturated fats; physical activity Cervical cancer Adequate folate intake; possibly, fruits and vegetables Vegetables, especially cruciferous (cabbage- type) vegetables; calcium, vitamin D, and dairy intake; possibly, whole wheat and wheat bran; high levels of physical activity Colorectal cancer Kidney cancer Fruit and vegetables, especially orange colored and dark green ones Mouth, throat, and esophagus cancers Fruits and vegetables Liver cancer Vegetables, especially yellow and green Lung cancer Fruits and vegetables Ovarian cancer Vegetables, especially green leafy ones Pancreatic cancer Fruits and vegetables, especially green and yellow ones Prostate cancer High intakes of fats, especially saturated fats from red meats and possibly milk products Possibly, cooked tomatoes, soybeans, soy products, and flaxseed; adequate selenium intake Fresh fruits and vegetables, especially High intakes of smoke- or salt-preserved foods (such as dried, salted fish); cigarette smoking; possibly, refined flour or starch infection with ulcer-causing bacteria Stomach cancer tomatoes

Answer 1

Monounsaturated and poly unsaturated fats are the good fats that can help lower blood cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke.Replacing saturated fat in the diet with unsaturated fat is good for heart.Eating healthy dietary pattern that includes good unsaturated fats,limits saturated fats and keep trans fat as low as possible.It is important to eat low sodium diet since sodium is a mineral that causes body to retain water so low sodium diet and diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables does seem to lower blood pressure.

Two dietary changes that would make my diet healthier are fatty fish and Citrus fruits.Healthy eating is an important way to maintain heart health.Salmon,Mackerel,Herring,Haddock and other fatty fish decrease the risk of arrhythmia and atherosclerosis.Fatty fish are rich in omega 3-fatty acids which have been proven to boost heart health.They also contain vitamin B₂ and D together with Riboflavin helps the bone to absorb calcium.Other minerals contained in fish are iron,zinc and selenium they boost our health and fight heart diseases.The American heart association recommends fish twice a week for most people.Fish can make a very healthy,tasty and nutritious meal.According to recent studies Citrus fruits have significantly reduce systolic blood pressure it also reduces stenosis.According to the study by the University of Southern California department of preventive medicine foods that are high in viscous fibre protect your arteries from clogging