Fungi are eukaryotic organisms. Scientists have found it more challenging to develop treatments for fungal infections (e.g., yeast infections, athlete's foot, and certain nail infections) than for bacterial infections. Why is this so? What distinguishes yeast cells from bacteria cells (list at least two major differences)?
If the host is Eukaryotic and the pathogen is prokaryotic, then it is easy to target the pathogen because of the differences in the cell structure of host and the pathogen. The pathogen does not contains nucleus and most of the proteins present in prokaryotic pathogens are very different from the Eukaryotic host. Also the cell wall composition is very different in both the organisms. Also the type of ribosomes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is different. It is 70S type in prokaryotes and eukaryotes have 80S type.Therefore it is easy to target a prokaryotic pathogen for Eukaryotic host.
But if the pathogen is also Eukaryotic and the host is also Eukaryotic, then it becomes difficult to target the pathogen. This is because both of them contain nuclear. The process of replication, transcription and translation in both the organisms contain many of the enzymes which are similar to each other. The composition of cell wall may also be same. Also the type of ribosome in Eukaryotic pathogen and Eukaryotic host is the same, 80S type. This makes Eukaryotic pathogens like fungus difficult to treat.
The major difference between yeast cells and bacteria cells is that the former is Eukaryotic, it contains nucleus and membrane-bound organelles but Bacteria is prokaryotic, it does not contain nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are also absent.
A second difference is that yeast cell wall is made up of chitin, glucan and manan whereas bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan.
Yeast contain 80s type ribosome and bacteria contains 70s ribosome.
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Fungi are eukaryotic organisms. Scientists have found it more challenging to develop treatments for fungal infections...
Both humans and fungi are eukaryotic. Looking at the structures found in human and fungal cells, propose one possible cellular target of antibiotics that would impact fungal cells but not human cells. Provide two examples of beneficial fungi and two examples of beneficial bacteria. Include binomial names and how we benefit from these organisms.
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