Question

Which of the following statements are true about low-risk warning signals? (select ALL correct answers)

Group of answer choices

Risks and costs to sender usually low

Are within-trophic level signals

Used when sender is in or has a chance to get to a safe location

Used when predators near or about to attack

Signal structure makes it easy for receiver to localize the sender's position

Receivers typically look to the signaler to see the direction it is looking and thus where predator is located

Are typically high-pitched, pure-tone signals with gradual onset

Are likely to be broadband, repeated signals with rapid onset

Are typically quality handicap signals

Signal structure makes it difficult for receiver to localize the sender's position

Answer 1

The correct answers are:

"Risks and costs to sender usually low"

"Are within-trophic level signals"

"Used when sender is in or has a chance to get to a safe location"

"Receivers typically look to the signaler to see the direction it is looking and thus where predator is located"

"Signal structure makes it difficult for receiver to localize the sender's position"

=> low-risk warning signals may be given on first sighting of a predator​​​​​​​.