Question

10) TNF and IL-1 share many overlapping functions, EXCEPT: (2 pts)

A) Induce selectin expression on endothelial cells

B) Induce NF-kB activation

C) Promote the fever response

D) Increase production of leukocytes in the bone marrow

E) Induce the wasting (catabolism) of muscle and fat

11) Which of the following will occur if selectins are not expressed on leukocytes? (2 pts)

A) Leukocytes can roll, but cannot stop or migrate across the epithelial lining

B) Leukocytes cannot roll, stop or migrate across the epithelial lining

C) Leukocytes can roll and stop, but cannot migrate across the epithelial lining

D) Leukocytes can roll, stop, and migrate across the epithelial lining

E) Leukocytes cannot roll, but can stop and migrate across the epithelial lining

12) An antigen is ______, whereas an antibody is_______. (2 pts)

A) a substance such as a protein or polysaccharide to which lymphocytes respond; a globular protein that reacts with antigens to eliminate them

B) an immunoglobulin that is produced by lymph nodes in response to bacteria; a foreign protein that enters the body and causes an immune reaction

C) a hapten molecule that is quite complicated in shape; an enzyme that is produced by the thymus gland to neutralize antigens

D) produced by T-cells; produced by B-cells

Answer 1

Answer 10

a)  Induce selectin expression on endothelial cells

because During inflammation, E-selectin plays an important role in the recruitment of leukocytes to the lesion site. Local release of IL-1 and TNF-α cytokines by macrophages in the inflamed tissue induces overexpression of E-selectin in the endothelial cells of nearby blood vessels.

Answer 11

e) Leukocytes cannot roll, but can stop and migrate across the epithelial lining

because the leukocytes bind to the endothelium and remain stationary.] then they are able to migrate into the spaces between adjacent Endothelial Cells. These interactions are initiated by a variety of chemical mediators that are elaborated from inflamed tissue and the entire process of endothelial cell adhesion of leukocytes is regulated by the sequential activation

Answer 12

A) a substance such as a protein or polysaccharide to which lymphocytes respond; a globular protein that reacts with antigens to eliminate them