Question

United State Since 1877. Please answer the questions fully.

1. How did the Great War exacerbate the "ethnic/race" problem in the United States?

2. How did progressives try to solve the problem of race, more importantly, ethnic differences?

3. how to address the issues engendered by a multi-ethnic American society during the progressive era

4. How did immigrants adjust to life in America? What institutions or activities became important to the immigrants adjustment, and why?

Answer 1

1. Ethnic war is an armed conflict between ethnic groups. It contrasts with civil war on one hand (where a single nation or ethnic group is fighting among itself) and regular warfare on the other, where two or more sovereign states (which may or may not be nation states) are in conflict.

ethnic wars since the 1990s were typically caused by secessionist movements leading to the breakup of multi-ethnic statesalong ethnic lines: the Yugoslav Wars, the First Chechen War, the Nagorno-Karabakh War, the Rwandan Civil War, and War in Darfuramong others.

2. Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally fall into one of three schools of thought: primordialist, instrumentalist or constructivist. Intellectual debate has also focused around the issue of whether ethnic conflict has become more prevalent since the end of the Cold War, and on devising ways of managing conflicts, through instruments such as consociationalism and federalisation.

3. The decline of the two main systems of thought which have dominated contemporary history - liberal universalism and Marxist universalism - in fact the end of the great empires, has coincided with an increase in nationalism, religious fundamentalism and a whole range of xenophobic and racist attitudes. These phenomena seem to us to be exerting a decisive pressure on social development and have in the past given rise to events with tragic consequences for humanity, ranging from wars between nations in the nineteenth century to totalitarian regimes, Fascism, Nazism and Stalinism.

It is distressing to find this return to identity " values " taking place within a context of acute economic crisis world-wide today as in the 1930s. " Identities " which set themselves up as standards and have no place for otherness and difference belong to the logic of totalitarianism. The social context, like the intellectual environment in which this explosion of " identities " is taking place

4. This game of self-creation came to an abrupt halt following the First World War. The pre-occupation with national identity which was associated with the emergence of fascist ideologies led to a use of the theme of identity which was to be pushed to extremes by Nazism. The women's liberation movement and the integration of Jews into German society were both brutally curtailed. The savage " restoration " of identity in the Nazi mind formed the basis for racist behaviour and institutionalized violence.

This is the wonderful "honeymoon phase" when everything looks wonderful and the newness of the new country is exciting and pleasant.

Hostility

Understanding

Acceptance

Answer 2

1) How did the Great War exacerbate the "ethnic/race" problem in the United States?

In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the territory of Louisiana from the French government for $15 million. The Louisiana Purchase stretched from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to New Orleans, and it doubled the size of the United States. To Jefferson, westward expansion was the key to the nation

Answer 3

1. How did the Great War exacerbate the "ethnic/race" problem in the United States?

Racism and ethnic discrimination in the United States has been a major issue since the colonial era and the slave era. Legally sanctioned racism sanctioned privileges and rights for White Americans not granted to Native Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latin Americans. European Americans (particularly Anglo Americans) were privileged by law in matters of education,immigration, voting rights, citizenship, land acquisition, and criminal procedure over periods of time extending from the 17th century to the 1960s. At the time, many non-Protestant groups immigrating from Europe - particularly Jews, Irish people, Poles and Italians - suffered xenophobic exclusion and other forms of ethnicity-based discrimination in the American society.

Major racially and ethnically structured institutions included slavery, Indian Wars, Native American reservations, segregation,residential schools for Native Americans, and internment camps. Formal racial discrimination was largely banned in the mid-20th century, and came to be perceived as socially unacceptable and/or morally repugnant as well.

Racial politics remains a major phenomenon. Racism continues to be reflected in socioeconomic inequality, and has taken on more modern, indirect forms of expression, most prevalently symbolic racism. Racial stratification continues to occur in employment, housing, education, lending, and government.

2)How did progressives try to solve the problem of race, more importantly, ethnic differences?

Progressives tried to solve these problems mainly by getting the government to regulate the economy more closely. For example, one problem from the Gilded Age was that monopolies were gaining too much power over the economy. Theodore Roosevelt and subsequent progressive presidents tried to solve this problem through antitrust legislation. Another problem was that working conditions were poor and wages were low. The progressives tried to solve this problem through governmental regulations as well. They pushed for such things as minimum wages and bans on child labor. In these ways and others, the progressives tried to get the government to impose regulations to solve the problems caused by industrialization in the Gilded Age.

Government: corruption, big city bosses-municiple government.
Business:unsafe conditions, long hours etc

3) how to address the issues engendered by a multi-ethnic American society during the progressive era?

Life in Seattle brought communities of color into contact with more than the city's white residents. Pioneer Square and nearby downtown neighborhoods had been home to the urban Indian community. Made up of taverns, hotels, and public spaces, the Indian community was held together by a shared identity and networks of information (Laurie, 1972). The Indian community also bordered the International District, home to large Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino communities, many of whom operated inexpensive diners or managed SRO hotels. Native Americans patronized Chinese-owned laundries, restaurants and dry goods stores, causing some Chinese employees to learn Siwash (Chin, 2001). Chinatown was squeezed by the growth of other ethnic populations along Jackson Street. The Japanese in the 1890s, Filipinos in the 1920s, and African Americans throughout this period all took up residency in this area, creating an Asian American and African American integration of social and cultural space where Chinese restaurants occupied commercial blocks with Japanese tailoring shops, Filipino dance halls, and Black barbershops. Second Avenue in Pioneer Square had been a gay district since the 1930s. Gays and lesbians linked the neighboring communities through their own identities and movements . Downtown, then, was a complex mix of communities, where lines of race, class, gender, and sexuality were blurred by everyday encounters.

4) How did immigrants adjust to life in America? What institutions or activities became important to the immigrants adjustment, and why?

At first, life in America was difficult for many immigrants. Most could not speak English. They had to adjust to American culture. Many immigrants came to the United States with only one small suitcase full of some clothes, and a little bit of money. Immigrants tried to get jobs in their new home. For some people, getting a job was difficult, but for others it was very easy to find low-skill occupations.

While some immigrants had to deal with prejudice, for the most part they were accepted into American culture. Immigrants also brought some of their own cultures to the United States. For example, every year Irish Americans celebrate St. Patrick's Day to show their pride in their heritage.

They usually settled in areas where large numbers of others of the same ethnic background lived, giving rise to the Chinatowns, Little Italys, etc. that are found in large cities. In this way they were able to comfort and assist each other in a foreign, and sometimes inhospitable, land.