Question

3.1 What is the functional difference between a normal diode and a Zener diode?

3.4 What are the three states of operation of a BJT?

3.8 What information does a timing diagram give?

3.9 What is the difference between combinational and sequential logic circuits?

3.10 What is a Karnaugh map?

3.11 Why do many digital circuits have clocked input?

3.12 Explain the function of a multiplexer.

3.13 What is the difference between an SR and a JK flip-flop?

3.14 How is a latch different from a D flip-flop?

3.15 What is a T flip-flop?

Answer 1

Zener diode allow reverse currents to passthrough them without becoming damaged, whereas normal diode get damaged if current flows through them in the reverse direction.

The transistor operates in the three region, active region saturationregion, and cutoff region.

Timing diagram is used to show interactions when a primary purpose of the diagram is to reason about time; it focuses on conditions changing within and among lifelines along a linear time axis. Timing diagram is a special form of a sequence diagram.

Combinational circuit is defined as the time independent circuit which do not depends upon previous inputs to generate any output.sequential circuits  are those which are dependent on clock cycles and depends on present as well as past inputs to generate any output.

A karnaugh map provides a pictorial method of grouping together expressions with common factors and therefore eliminating unwanted variables. The karnaugh map can also be described as a special arrangement of a truth table.

The use of a (signal) clock in digital circuits allows all operations in the circuit or system to be synchronized. The mightclock  contribute to the change(s) of flip-flop states circuits using a clock signal for synchronization may become active at either the rising edge or falling edge of the clock signal.

Multiplexer is a device that has multiple inputs and a single line output. The select lines determine which input is connected to the output, and also to increase the amount of data that can be sent over a network within certain time. It is also called a data selector.

The main difference between a j-k flip flop and s-r flip flop is that in the j-k flip flop, both inputs can be HIGH. When both the J and K inputs are HIGH, the Q output is toggled, which means that the output alternates between HIGH and LOW. Thereby the invalid condition which occurse in s-r flip flop when both inputs are high can be eliminated.

The difference between a D-type latch and a D-type flip flop is that a latch does not have a clock signal to change state whereas a flipflop always does. The D flipflop is an edge triggered device which transfers input data to Q on clock rising or falling edge.

The T or "toggle" flipflopchanges its output on each clock edge, giving an output which is half the frequency of the signal to the T input. It is useful for constructing binary counters, frequency dividers, and general binary addition devices. It can be made from a J-K flipflop by tying both of its inputs high.