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What changes in stellar properties are represented by the different locations of isochrones of different ages?...

What changes in stellar properties are represented by the different locations of isochrones of different ages? What physical processes occuring inside the star underlie those changes?

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Isochrones are the plot in the HR diagram those indicate the star that having the same age. So all the properties of these stars are almost the same.

Isochrones can be used to date open clusters because their members all have roughly the same age. If the initial mass function of the open cluster is known, isochrones can be calculated at any age by taking every star in the initial population, using numerical simulations to evolve it forwards to the desired age, and plotting the star's luminosity and magnitude on the HR diagram. The resulting curve is an isochrone, which can be compared against the observational colour-magnitude diagram to determine how well they match. If they match well, the assumed age of the isochrone is close to the actual age of the cluster.

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