Question

Chloroplast Morphology Carefully review the online content for this section of the lab, including the interactive elements. You should also review the following sections of your textbook: • from Chapter 6: The Evolutionary Origins of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts • from Chapter 25: The First Eukaryotes • from Chapter 26: Interpreting Phylogenetic Trees Chloroplasts and Evolution

6. Compare the information from your textbook to the de Vries and Archibald (2018) figure. In this lab, you learned about some differences between plant and algal chloroplasts – density, characteristic shape, relative size, etc. How is this morphological evidence consistent with endosymbiotic theory and the phylogeny of green algae and land plants as hypothesized by DeVries and Archibald (2018)? RESPONSE:

References : de Vries J and Archibald JM. 2018. Plant evolution: landmarks on the path to terrestrial life. New Phytologist 217: 1428-1434.

Answer 1

Question

The algae were the first group of photosynthetic eukaryotes. These algae mostly live in the water. On the other hand, bryophytes were the first land plants to evolve. The origin of chloroplast in eukaryotes is defined by the primary endosymbiosis theory. According to this theory, eukaryotic cell engulf prokaryotic cell and that lead to the origin of chloroplast in eukaryotes alagae. Therefore, these algae chloroplast are very simple. On the other hand, the chloroplast is land plants like bryophytes, tradeophytes have complex chloroplast that thought to rise by the secondary endosymbiosis theory in which eukaryotic cell engulf another eukaryotic cell. Therefore, land plants chlroroplast were little complex as compared to algae.