Discuss why casein sodium salt causes an osmotic gradient in this situation, but NaCl solution would not
situation: The Ussing chamber being used has an area of 0.5 cm2; therefore having a molecular weight cutoff of 12 kDa
- initially started with 400micrometers of casein salt in chamber
6 runs were performed : measured the initial, addition of 500micrometers of casein sodium salt, addition of 300micrometers of casein sodium salt, 200 micrometers of casein sodium salt, 100 micrometers of casein sodium salt, use of distilled water
Sodium Caseinate aka Casein is a phosphoroprotein commonly found in animal and human milk. Unlike many proteins, casein is not coagulated by heat but by a chemical reaction. It is often used in cheesemaking for clotting. It is also used as a protein helper with transglutaminase to improve the bond of the meat glue.
An Ussing chamber can isolate the apical side from the basolateral side. The two half chambers are filled with equal amounts of symmetrical Ringer solution to remove chemical, mechanical or electrical driving forces. Ion transport takes place across any epithelium.
casein sodium caused osmotic gradient because of its large size .
Discuss why casein sodium salt causes an osmotic gradient in this situation, but NaCl solution would...
10. Write a one-page summary of the attached paper? INTRODUCTION Many problems can develop in activated sludge operation that adversely affect effluent quality with origins in the engineering, hydraulic and microbiological components of the process. The real "heart" of the activated sludge system is the development and maintenance of a mixed microbial culture (activated sludge) that treats wastewater and which can be managed. One definition of a wastewater treatment plant operator is a "bug farmer", one who controls the aeration...