Question

Psychology 120 Class

1.Describe positive and negative correlation briefly in your own words. Proved unique examples of both. Explain them in your own words and illustrate using diagrams.

2. A psychologist is interested in testing the effects of a new drug on reducing depression. Write down the hypothesis for this experiment. Identify the independent variable, the dependent variable, an experimental group and control group.

Answer 1

only First Question will been Answered

What is Correlation:

A correlation is a single numerical value that is used to describe the relationship. Correlation is most commonly measured by the Pearson Product Moment Correlation, which is commonly referred to as Pearson's r. Because of this, a correlation is usually represented by the letter r.

What is Positive Correlation:

A positive correlation is a relationship between two variables in which both variables either increase or decease at the same time. An example would be height and weight. Taller people tend to be heavier. or simply we can say  positive correlation is a relationship between two variables where if one variable increases, the other one also increases. A positive correlation also exists in one decreases and the other also decreases.

What is Negative Correlation:

A negative correlation is a relationship between two variables in which an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other. An example would be height above sea level and temperature. As you climb the mountain (increase in height) it gets colder (decrease in temperature) or simply we can say A negative correlation means that there is an inverse relationship between two variables - when one variable decreases, the other increases. The vice versa is a negative correlation too, in which one variable increases and the other decreases. These correlations are studied in statistics as a means of determining the relationship between two variables

What is No Correlation:

A zero correlation exists when there is no relationship between two variables. For example their is no relationship between the amount of tea drunk and level of intelligence

Example of Positive relationship and Negative Relationship with scatter Plot

Uses of Correlations

Prediction

• If there is a relationship between two variables, we can make predictions about one from another.

Validity

• Concurrent validity (correlation between a new measure and an established measure).

Reliability

• Test-retest reliability (are measures consistent).
• Inter-rater reliability (are observers consistent).

Theory verification

• Predictive validity.

Some more Common Examples on Positive Correlation

• The more time you spend running on a treadmill, the more calories you will burn.
• Taller people have larger shoe sizes and shorter people have smaller shoe sizes.
• The longer your hair grows, the more shampoo you will need.
• The less time I spend marketing my business, the fewer new customers I will have.
• The more hours you spend in direct sunlight, the more severe your sunburn.
• The more money she saves, the more financially secure she feels.
• As the temperature goes up, ice cream sales also go up.
• When an employee works more hours his paycheck increases proportionately.
• The more gasoline you put in your car, the farther it can go.
• The longer someone invests, the more compound interest he will earn.
• The longer amount of time you spend in the bath, the more wrinkly your skin becomes.
• As it snows more, the sales for deicers go up.
• As you drink more coffee, the number of hours you stay awake increases.
• As a child grows, so does his clothing size.
• As her salary increased, so did her spending.
• The more it rains, the more sales for umbrellas go up.
• Taller people tend to weigh more and shorter people tend to weigh less.
• As a person's level of happiness decreases, so does his level of helpfulness.
• People who suffer from depression have higher rates of suicide than those who do not.
• As more people go to the movies, the amount of money spent on tickets increases.
• When workers get a raise, morale improves.
• As tread on your car's tires decreases, traction with the road decreases.
• As the level of water lowers in a fish tank, the volume of the habitat for the fish decreases.
• The faster a jet pilot flies, the higher the G-forces are.
• The more you exercise your muscles, the stronger they get.
• When employees make a high salary, efficiency increases.
• As the wattage of light bulbs increases, the light output increases.

Some more Common Examples on Negative Correlation

• A student who has many absences has a decrease in grades.
• As weather gets colder, air conditioning costs decrease.
• If a train increases speed, the length of time to get to the final point decreases.
• If a chicken increases in age, the amount of eggs it produces decreases.
• If the sun shines more, a house with solar panels requires less use of other electricity.
• If it is darker outside, more light is needed inside.
• If a car decreases speed, travel time to a destination increases.
• If a car tire has more air, the car may use less gas per mile.
• The warmer it is outside, the fewer layers of clothing one has to wear to be warm.
• As one exercises more, his body weight becomes less.
• The older a man gets, the less hair that he has.
• The more one works, the less free time one has.
• As a tadpole gets older, its tail gets smaller.
• The further one runs, the slower one's pace may be.
• As the temperature increases, fewer hot chocolate products are sold.
• As more employees are laid off, satisfaction among remaining employees decreases.
• As the temperature decreases, more heaters are purchased.
• As a bikers speed increases, his time to get to the finish line decreases.
• As the slope of a hill increases, the amount of speed a walker reaches may decrease.
• The more one eats, the less hunger one will have.
• As humidity increases, people's desire to be outside may decrease.
• As snowfall totals increase, the amount of people driving decreases.
• As one increases in age, often one's agility decreases.
• If the temperatures outside decrease dramatically, heating bills will increase.
• If a resident uses more mouse traps in the home, the amount of mice in the home will likely decrease.
• The more alcohol one consumes, the less judgment one has.
• The more a window is obstructed by curtains, the less light that will enter the house.
• The more one cleans the house, the less likely there are to be pest problems.
• The more one works out at the gym, the less body fat one may have.
• The more one smokes cigarettes, the fewer years she will have to live.
• The more one runs, the less likely one is to have cardiovascular problems.
• The more vitamins one takes, the less likely one is to have a deficiency.
• The more iron an anemic person consumes, the less tired one may be.