Question

1. Define Schema. Explain the six (6) types of schemata.

Answer 1

Schema:

A schema is a conceptual construct or definition that helps to organize and interpret information. Schemas can be useful because they help us to take shortcuts in understanding the vast amount of information available in our world. Such cognitive constructs, however, often lead us to eliminate relevant information from concentrating instead only on issues that affirm our pre-existing beliefs and ideas. Schemas can lead to assumptions and make it difficult to remember new information that is incompatible with our established world ideas.

The term schema was introduced by theorist Jean Piaget and he popularized this tem with his works in the field of psychology.

The types of schemata are mentioned below:

1. Role Schemas

This helps people understand the social context they are dealing with and respond to the situation's demands accordingly.

For e.g. A doctor may behave differently while he is in the hospital and may behave differently when he is at home with his family.

2. Object Schemas

The emphasis of this sort of schema is what an inanimate object is and how it functions.

For e.g. Most people have a schema for what a car is and how it functions.

3. Person Schemas

This schema is focused on specific individuals such as your friends’ colleagues etc.

A schema for your mother might include her appearance, voice, behaviour and personality etc.

4. Social Schemas

It includes knowledge about how people behave in specific situations.

For e.g. You may behave differently in different settings such as at your office and a party.

5. Self-Schemas

It draws on your self-knowledge. It can include both your current self-knowledge and ideas about your idealized and potential self.

6. Event Schema

These are based on behaviour patterns that for certain activities should be observed. It tells you what to do, how to act, and what to say in a specific situation.

For e.g. If we go to somebody's funeral we always maintain a sad face and say kind words about the deceased.