Question

Q1. For the following three questions, consider the following risk ratios from a cohort study on the association between diabetes and glaucoma:

Crude: 1.88

Race/ethnicity-adjusted: 1.56

Race/ethnicity-stratified (White participants): 1.49

Race/ethnicity-stratified (Black participants): 1.99

Race/ethnicity-stratified (Asian participants): 1.35

Race/ethnicity-stratified (Hispanic participants): 1.78

a)Race is producing:

• No confounding
• Positive confounding
• Negative confounding

b) Race is:

• A confounder
• An effect modifier
• Both a confounder and an effect modifier
• Neither a confounder nor an effect modifier

c) Which is the best single measure of the association between diabetes and glaucoma independent of race?

• Crude measure
• Race-adjusted measure
• Race-stratified measures

Answer 1

A) race us producing positive confounding

B) race is both a confounder and an effect modifier

C) race adjusted measure