Question

COMPLETION: Fill in the blank with the correct word.

1. ________ is the process by which all living cells, spores, and viruses are destroyed on an object.
2. . ________ is the process of heating foods to a moderately high temperature long enough to kill most heat-resistant, non-spore-forming pathogens known.

1. The presence of ________ in the bacterial cell wall is one of the mechanisms of antibiotic selective toxicity.

SHORT ANSWER

1. Explain how a bacteriostatic antibiotic is useful even if it does not result in the death of the pathogen.

1. Give an example of when you would want to use a broad-spectrum antibiotic and when you would want to use a narrow-spectrum antibiotic. Give a disadvantage to using a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

1. Explain how organisms can develop resistance to chemical disinfectants.

1. Describe how avoiding the use of antibiotics for viral infections can prevent the spread of antibioticresistance.

Chapter 26, and Nosocomial/Hospital Acquired Infection Notes

MULTIPLE CHOICE: : Choose the correct letter. There is only one correct answer.

44.Charlotte touches a doorknob after an individual with MRSA touched the doorknob. Immediately after touching the knob, Charlotte scratches her leg and transmits some MRSA cells into a small wound.The doorknob is functioning as a(n)

a. etiologic agent. c. mode of transmission.

b. reservoir. d. host.

45.A man infected with a viral respiratory infection sneezes and releases tiny droplets containing viral particles. Two minutes later, a woman breathes in some of these tiny droplets and becomes infected by the same viral infection. The movement of this virus from one individual to another is best described as the

a. etiologic agent. c. mode of transmission.

b. reservoir. d. host.

46. Although sporadic outbreaks of measles occur in the United States, the disease is considered

nonendemic. What differentiates measles from endemic diseases, such as chickenpox?

a. Endemic diseases exhibit higher numbers of cases than a sporadic outbreak.

b. Diseases that are not endemic lack a reservoir in the area.

c. Endemic diseases do not exhibit sporadic outbreaks.

d. Diseases that are not endemic remain in reservoirs without infecting humans.

47. Which of the following would indicate efforts to control a disease are working?

a. The disease becomes endemic.

b. The disease prevalence increases.

c. The disease incidence decreases.

d. Outbreaks of the disease only occur every other year.

Answer 1

Fill in the Blanks

1. Sterlization

2.pasteurization

Short Answers

1. They prevent the increase in the bacterial population and let our immune system fight with the the remaining population

2. We use broad spectrum antibiotics when we are not sure of the type of bacteria if its gram +ve or gram -ve. as it is effective against a wide range of bacteria, both gram-positive and gram-negative.

But Narrow spectrum antibiotics are used for the specific infection when the causative organism is known and will not kill as many of the normal microorganisms in the body as thebroad spectrum antibiotics.

3. Organisms can develop resistance to chemical disinfectants by the help of natural selection because only those organisms will be able to survive which can live in such circumstances and their genes will be transferred in to the progenies.

4.As described above if we use less disinfectants we would not make them more resistant to antibiotics

Ans 44. Mode of transmission

Ans 45. Mode of transmission

Ans 46. Diseases that are not endemic remain in reservoirs without infecting humans.

Ans 47 The disease incidence decreases.