Question

Identify the valid obversions (if any) in the following propositions

1. No literary artist are people who do not read.

1. All literary artist are people who read
2. No people who do not read are literary artist
3. No valid obversion available

2. All independent thinkers are persons with moral courage.

1. Some persons with non-moral courage are independent thinkers
2. No independent thinkers are people without moral courage
3. No valid obversion available

3. Some intellectuals are not religious.

1. Some intellectuals are non-religious
2. Some religious people are not intellectuals
3. No valid obversion available

4. Some scholars are political.

1. Some scholars are non-political
2. Some scholars are not non-political
3. No valid obversion available

5. Some students are visionaries.

1. Some visionaries are students
2. Some students are non-visionaries
3. No valid obversion available

Answer 1

1. The given statement says that , the people who are not literary artists , do not read .
And there is not another statement in the options which matches with the given statement.
Therefore, no valid obversion
2. The statement says that , all the independent thinkers are the persons with moral courage ,
Statement (b) states that all the non independent thinkers are the persons without moral courage which satisfies the given statement, therefore option (b) is correct .
3. The given statement that some intellectuals are not religious satisfies the very first statement ie. Some intellectuals are non religious...therefore option (a) is correct.
4. Some scholars are political satisfies the statement (b) which states that some scholars are not non political, that automatically means that , some scholars are political..
5. Some students are visionaries... this statement is not satisfied by any other statement.. therefore , no valid obversion is available for the statement...

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Answer 2

An obversion is a type of logical conversion that changes the quality of a proposition (from affirmative to negative or vice versa) and replaces the predicate term with its complement. Let's check if there are any valid obversions among the given propositions:

1. No literary artist are people who do not read. Obversion: Some literary artists are people who read. (Valid obversion)

2. All literary artist are people who read. Obversion: No literary artists are people who do not read. (Valid obversion)

3. No people who do not read are literary artist. Obversion: Some people who do not read are not literary artists. (Valid obversion)

4. All independent thinkers are persons with moral courage. Obversion: No independent thinkers are persons without moral courage. (Valid obversion)

5. Some persons with non-moral courage are independent thinkers. Obversion: Some persons with non-moral courage are not independent thinkers. (Valid obversion)

6. No independent thinkers are people without moral courage. Obversion: All independent thinkers are people with moral courage. (Invalid obversion)

7. Some intellectuals are not religious. Obversion: Some intellectuals are non-religious. (Valid obversion)

8. Some religious people are not intellectuals. Obversion: Some religious people are non-intellectuals. (Invalid obversion)

9. Some scholars are political. Obversion: Some scholars are non-political. (Valid obversion)

10. Some scholars are not non-political. Obversion: Some scholars are political. (Invalid obversion)

11. Some students are visionaries. Obversion: Some students are non-visionaries. (Valid obversion)

12. Some visionaries are students. Obversion: Some visionaries are non-students. (Invalid obversion)

Based on the analysis, we find valid obversions for propositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 11. For the rest of the propositions, there are either no valid obversions available or the attempted obversion is invalid.

Answer 3

An obversion is a type of logical conversion where the quality (affirmative or negative) of a proposition is changed, and the predicate term is replaced with its complement. A valid obversion must preserve the truth value of the original proposition. Let's examine each given proposition and determine if there are any valid obversions:

1. No literary artist are people who do not read.Obversion: No literary artist are non-readers. Valid Obversion: True. This is a valid obversion because it preserves the truth value of the original proposition.

2. All literary artist are people who read.Obversion: All literary artists are readers. Valid Obversion: True. This is a valid obversion because it preserves the truth value of the original proposition.

3. No people who do not read are literary artists.Obversion: No non-readers are literary artists. Valid Obversion: True. This is a valid obversion because it preserves the truth value of the original proposition.

4. Some persons with non-moral courage are independent thinkers.Obversion: Some non-moral courageous persons are independent thinkers. Valid Obversion: True. This is a valid obversion because it preserves the truth value of the original proposition.

5. No independent thinkers are people without moral courage.Obversion: No independent thinkers are people with moral courage. Valid Obversion: False. This is not a valid obversion as it changes the meaning of the original proposition and does not preserve its truth value.

6. Some intellectuals are not religious.Obversion: Some intellectuals are non-religious. Valid Obversion: True. This is a valid obversion because it preserves the truth value of the original proposition.

7. Some religious people are not intellectuals.Obversion: Some religious people are non-intellectuals. Valid Obversion: True. This is a valid obversion because it preserves the truth value of the original proposition.

8. Some scholars are political.Obversion: Some scholars are non-political. Valid Obversion: True. This is a valid obversion because it preserves the truth value of the original proposition.

9. Some students are visionaries.Obversion: Some students are non-visionaries. Valid Obversion: True. This is a valid obversion because it preserves the truth value of the original proposition.

In summary, the valid obversions are as follows:

1. No literary artist are non-readers.

2. All literary artists are readers.

3. No non-readers are literary artists.

4. Some non-moral courageous persons are independent thinkers.

5. Some intellectuals are non-religious.

6. Some religious people are non-intellectuals.

7. Some scholars are non-political.

8. Some students are non-visionaries.