For Thabiso to implement automation and process
control, the control computer must collect
data from and transmit signals to the process. Discuss the various
types of components
required to interface the process with the computer. Use diagrams
to substantiate your
discussion.
Answer:-
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Definition: Is a collection of
entities(hardware,software and liveware) that are designed to
receive, process, manage and present information in a meaningful
format.
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
a) COMPUTER HARDWARE
Hardware refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and
devices, which provide support for major functions such as input,
processing (internal storage, computation and control), output,
secondary storage (for data and programs), and communication.
HARDWARE CATEGORIES (Functional Parts)
A computer system is a set of integrated devices that input, output, process, and store data and information. Computer systems are currently built around at least one digital processing device. There are five main hardware components in a computer system: Input, Processing, Storage, Output and Communication devices.
Are devices used for entering data or instructions to the central processing unit. Are classifie according to the method they use to enter data.
a) KEYING DEVICES
Are devices used to enter data into the computer using a
set of Keys eg Keyboard, key-to- storage and keypad.
i) The keyboard
Keyboard (similar to a typewriter) is the main input device of a computer . It contains three types of keys-- alphanumeric keys, special keys and function keys. Alphanumeric keys are used to type all alphabets, numbers and special symbols like $, %, @, A etc. Special keys such as <Shift>, <Ctrl>, <Alt>, <Home>, <Scroll Lock> etc. are used for special functions. Function keys such as <Fl>, <F2>, <F3> etc. are used to give special commands depending upon the software used e.g.F5 reloads a page of an internet browser. The function of each and every key can be well understood only after working on a PC. When any key is pressed, an electronic signal is produced. This signal is detected by a keyboard encoder that sends a binary code corresponding to the key pressed to the CPU. There are many types of keyboards but 101 keys keyboard is the most popular one.
How the keys are organized
The keys on your keyboard can be divided into several groups based on function:
B. POINTING DEVICES
Are devices that enter data and instructions into the
computer using a pointer that appears on the screen.
The items to be entered
are selected by either pointing to or clicking on them.e.g mice,
joystick, touch sensitive screen, trackballs
i) THE MOUSE
A mouse is a small device used to point to and select items on your
computer screen. Although mice come in many shapes, the typical
mouse does look a bit like an actual mouse. It's small, oblong, and
connected to the system unit by a long wire that resembles a tail
and the connector which can either be PS/2 or USB. Some newer mice
are wireless.
A mouse usually has two buttons: a primary button (usually the left button) and a secondary button. Many mice also have a wheel between the two buttons, which allows you to scroll smoothly through screens of information.
When you move the mouse with your hand, a pointer on your screen moves in the same direction. (The pointer's appearance might change depending on where it's positioned on your screen.) When you want to select an item, you point to the item and then click (press and release) the primary button. Pointing and clicking with your mouse is the main way to interact with your computer. There are several types of mice: Mechanical mouse, optical mouse, optical-mechanical mouse and laser mouse.
Basic parts
A mouse typically has two buttons: a primary button (usually the
left button) and a secondary button (usually the right button). The
primary button is the one you will use most often. Most mice also
include a scroll wheel between the buttons to help you scroll
through documents and WebPages more easily. On some mice, the
scroll wheel can be pressed to act as a third button. Advanced mice
might have additional buttons that can perform other
functions.
Holding and moving the mouse
Place your mouse beside your keyboard on a clean, smooth
surface, such as a mouse pad. Hold the mouse gently with your index
finger resting on the primary button and you thumb resting on the
side. To move the mouse, slide it slowly in any direction. Don't
twist it—keep the front of the mouse aimed away from you. As you
move the mouse, a pointer (see picture) on your screen moves in the
same direction. If you run out of room to move your mouse on your
desk or mouse pad, just pick up the mouse and bring it back closer
to you.
Pointing to an object often reveals a descriptive message
about it.The pointer can change depending on what you're pointing
at. For example, when you point to a link in your web browser, the
pointer changes from an arrow to a hand with a pointing finger
.
Most mouse actions combine pointing with pressing one of the mouse buttons. There are four basic ways to use your mouse buttons: clicking, double-clicking, right-clicking, and dragging.
Clicking (single-clicking)
To click an item, point to the item on the screen, and then press and release the primary button (usually the left button).
Clicking is most often used to select (mark) an item or open a menu. This is sometimes called single-clicking or left-clicking.
Double-clicking
To double-click an item, point to the item on the screen, and then click twice quickly. If the two clicks are spaced too far apart, they might be interpreted as two individual clicks rather than as one double-click.
Double-clicking is most often used to open items on your desktop. For example, you can start a program or open a folder by double-clicking its icon on the desktop.
Right-clicking
To right-click an item, point to the item on the screen, and then press and release the secondary button (usually the right button).
Right-clicking an item usually displays a list of things you can
do with the item. For example, when you right-click the Recycle Bin
on your desktop, Windows displays a menu allowing you to open it,
empty it, delete it, or see its properties. If you are unsure of
what to do with something, right-click it.
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