Please note that for all problems in this course, the standard cut-off (alpha) for a test of significance will be .05, and you always report the exact power unless SPSS output states p=.000 (you’d report p<.001). Also, remember when hand-calculating, always use TWO decimal places so that deductions in grading won’t be due to rounding differences.
Problem Set 2: Chi Square Test of Independence A public opinion poll surveyed a sample of 100 volunteers. Respondents were classified by gender (male or female) and by voting preference (Republican, Democrat, or Independent). Results are shown in the table below. Is there a gender gap – do men’s voting preferences differ significantly from the women’s preferences? Create an SPSS data file to conduct the appropriate statistical test.
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Answer:
Problem Set 2: Chi Square Test of Independence
A public opinion poll surveyed a sample of 100 volunteers. Respondents were classified by gender (male or female) and by voting preference (Republican, Democrat, or Independent). Results are shown in the table below. Is there a gender gap – do men’s voting preferences differ significantly from the women’s preferences? Create an SPSS data file to conduct the appropriate statistical test.
Ho: there is no association between gender and voting preference
H1: there is an association between gender and voting preference
since data are frequencies, weight command is used.
data:
variables are labled appropriately.
SPSS commands
WEIGHT BY freq.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=VAR00001 BY VAR00002
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ
/CELLS=COUNT
/COUNT ROUND CELL
/BARCHART.
Gender * Voting preference Crosstabulation |
|||||
Count |
|||||
Voting preference |
Total |
||||
Rep |
Dem |
Ind |
|||
Gender |
Male |
20 |
18 |
6 |
44 |
Female |
28 |
22 |
6 |
56 |
|
Total |
48 |
40 |
12 |
100 |
Chi-Square Tests |
|||
Value |
df |
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) |
|
Pearson Chi-Square |
.298a |
2 |
.862 |
Likelihood Ratio |
.297 |
2 |
.862 |
Linear-by-Linear Association |
.289 |
1 |
.591 |
N of Valid Cases |
100 |
||
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.28. |
Effect size =sqrt(0.298/100) =0.05458
=0.05 ( rounded)
The study was to find is there a gender gap – do men’s voting preferences differ significantly from the women’s preferences. The sample included 100 respondents. Chi square test for association was conducted. The null hypothesis was not rejected and the frequencies were not significantly different, χ2 (2, N = 100) = 0.298, p = .862, effect size=0.05.
Please note that for all problems in this course, the standard cut-off (alpha) for a test...
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