As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of
a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when
the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course
of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200
single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth a
medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her
doctor; in addition, you will review medical records to verify use
of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers are considered to have been
followed prospectively during the entire course of their
pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was
maintained during pregnancy.]
The resultant data are:
Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their
pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35 have delivered malformed infants.
In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions.
Suppose that a relative risk of 0.5 has been found. Which
interpretation might follow?
A. |
The risk of congenital malformations is half as high among users of the drug as among non-users. |
|
B. |
The risk of congenital malformations is equal among users and non-users of the drug. |
|
C. |
The risk of congenital malformations is twice as high among users of the drug as among non-users of the drug. |
|
D. |
Use of the drug is a protective factor for congenital malformations. |
relative risk = risk among non users / risk among users
relative risk = 0.5 = 1/2
risk among non users / risk among users = 1/2
risk among non users / risk among users = 1/2
risk among users = 2 * (risk among non users)
answer : option C : The risk of congenital malformations is twice as high among users of the drug as among non-users of the drug.
(please UPVOTE)
As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing...
Sites 14 of You are arn by pregnant women during the course of their pregnancies.Your sample is the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth, a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in addition, you will review medical records to venity use of the drug investigating the effect of a drug on causing maiformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken Question: Suppose that a...
Indicate the one major type of limitation that is possible in each of the situations described below. Choose from the following: selection bias, information bias, confounding, random error, limited generalizability or no error. Choose only one per example. A case-control study was conducted to determine whether lower socioeconomic status was associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer. The cases consisted of 250 women with cervical cancer who had been referred to Massachusetts General Hospital for treatment for cervical cancer. They were referred from...
problem that causes abnormally small heads, among other things There are strong concerns that the Zika virus can cause microcephaly. Detecting microcephaly in can help expectant parents be prepared. Head diameter measurements can be made in utero ultrasound at 20 weeks. Bipariet fetal head) measurements were taken on 71 newborn infants with exposure to Zka and suspected to have microcephaly (they were eventually confirmed at birth to have microcephaly). The sample mean 34 mm. The sample standard deviation is 5...
Any reflection or opinion on these two essays? Should Marijuana
be legal? 1 answer Within 200 words.
1.
A Brief History of the Drug War
Many currently illegal drugs, such as marijuana, opium, coca,
and psychedelics have been used for thousands of years for both
medical and spiritual purposes.
The Early Stages of Drug Prohibition
Why are some drugs legal and other drugs illegal today? It's not
based on any scientific assessment of the relative risks of these
drugs –...
Many teenagers participate in risk behaviors that threaten their current and future health. Substance use, violence, and unprotected sexual intercourse are responsible for much of the mortality and morbidity experienced in adolescence and early adulthood.1 While older adults are vulnerable to illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, adolescents are threatened by homicide, suicide, car accidents, and AIDS — ailments that are behavioral and, therefore, preventable.2 There is growing recognition that teens who engage in risk behaviors often participate...
All of the following questions are in relation to the following journal article which is available on Moodle: Parr CL, Magnus MC, Karlstad O, Holvik K, Lund-Blix NA, Jaugen M, et al. Vitamin A and D intake in pregnancy, infant supplementation and asthma development: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2018:107:789-798 QUESTIONS: 1. State one hypothesis the author's proposed in the manuscript. 2. There is previous research that shows that adequate Vitamin A intake is required...
14. Select the number of participants in the Beck & Watson
study
Group of answer choices
8
13
22
35
15. Beck & Watson determined their final sample size via
Group of answer choices
coding
saturation
triangulation
ethnography
16.Through their study, Beck & Watson determined
Group of answer choices
after a traumatic birth, subsequent births have no troubling
effects
after a traumatic birth, subsequent births brought fear, terror,
anxiety, and dread
Subsequent Childbirth After a Previous Traumatic Birth Beck, Cheryl...
10. The Beck & Watson article is a
Group of answer choices
quantitative study
qualitative study
11. Beck & Watson examined participants' experiences and
perceptions using what type of research design?
Group of answer choices
particpant obersvation
phenomenology
12. Select the participants in the Beck & Watson study
Group of answer choices
Caucasian women with 2-4 children
Caucasian pregnant women
13. In the Beck & Watson study, data was collected via
a(n)
Group of answer choices
internet study
focus group...
1. Which of the following is a more accurate vision of adolescence? A) For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment carving out a place in the world. B) For most individuals, adolescence is a time of rebellion, crisis, pathology, and deviance. C) Most adolescents have a brush with juvenile delinquency. D) Few adolescents contribute positively to their communities and make a successful transit through adolescence. 2. Public attitudes about adolescence A) emerge from a combination...
1. Oral acetaminophen has been ordered for a young child who has a fever. A liquid form has been obtained by the nurse to increase the chance of problem free administration. Prior to administration, the nurse is going through the rights of medication administration. When confirming the right dose, what term is the most appropriate? a. "160 mg" b. "one teaspoon" c. "one third of a tablespoon d. "SmL 2. A pregnant woman asks why she needs to take a...