Ans : Bioreactor is any manufactured device or system that supports a biologically active environment.In one case, a bioreactor is a vessel in which a chemical process carried out which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms.The process can either be aerobic or anaerobic.These bioreactors are commonly cylindrical,ranging in size from litres to cubic metres and made up of stainless steel.A device is designed to grow cells or tissues in cell culture.
There are certain factors which affects growth of that cells or tissues which are PH, temperature,dissolved oxygen. Increasing temperature inversely affects both the volumetric mass transfer coefficient and oxygen solubility in culture medium.Oxygen solubility in pure water falls with increasing temperature.Dissolved oxygen is important factor affecting growth of cells or tissues in the cell culture.Oxygen is the key substrate for growth ,production and maintenance of activities.Cells obtain their oxygen in free and noncompound form ,called dissolved oxygen (DO).One important function of the bioreactor is providing dissolved oxygen to cells continuously through a process called aeration.
Aeration in the bioreactor typically occurs when, Oxygen diffuses through overlay to the cell culture medium interface and oxygen from spargers dissolves in cell culture with the help of agitation. Agitation disperses the oxygen bubbles and promotes mass transfer of the gas bubbles through gas-liquid interface. The rate of oxygen transfer (OTR) from gas to liquid interface is a function of physicochemical properties of the cell culture medium. Ph is also affecting growth of cells or tissues ,it leads to oxidative cellular damage of the cell culture media.
It is necessary to control that above factors affecting cell culture growth. Controlling PH in the bioreactor is critical to successful manufacturing.Most culture needs to be maintained in a specific narrow range of PH for maximum productivity.Typical PH range is 7.0+ 1.0 .PH can be controlled by controlling various factors and through use of buffers,the addition of base solution and sparging of nitrogen.
Temperature of the fermentation medium is maintained by cooling jackets,coils or both. Particularly exothermic fermentations may require the use of external heat exchangers. Dissolved oxygen level can be controlled by adjusting the agitation speed and aeration rate remarkably .
can someone outline in detail the factours affecting growth in a bioreactor and how to control...
Can someone explain how to solve this question in detail . Draw the tripeptide GWA at pH 1.7, 14 - Calculate the molecular mass for GWA - Draw the titration curve for GWA - Calculate the pl for GWA Estimate the extinction coefficient for GWA and calculate the absorbance of a 1 g/L solution of GWA determined in a standard 1 cm cuvet Is this a meaningful absorbance for quantitation?
Can someone please explain to me in detail how to do this problem? Please show all of the work and do not skip any steps! What is the pH at the equivalence point in the titration of 10.0 mL of 0.35 M unknown acid HZ with 0.200 M NaOH? Ka = 2.4x10-7 for the unknown acid HZ A] 7.00 B] 10.1 C] 4.14 D] 9.86
Can someone please explain in detail how to do the second part to this? I'm stuck. Consider two empty containers A and B whose volumes are 10mL and 20mL respectively. 1mL of liquid water is put into each container and the temperature of each container is adjusted to 20°C. The gas pressure in container B, which still has some liquid water in it, is found to be 17 torr. How would the pressure in container A and the amount of...
Can someone please explain in detail how to apply the formula for this problem: A student swings his book bag in a vertical circle of radius 1 m. Calculate the minimum speed of the book bag in order to "just" negotiate the top of the circle
How can temperature be used control microbial growth? Give an example from your daily life. If you see a colony growing inside the zone of inhibition around an antibiotic disk, what does that tell you about that bacteria? How did those colonies arise? Diagram the evolution of a population of bacteria in response to an antibiotic.
Can someone please explain to me in detail how to do this problem? Which of the following would increase the response in the post-synaptic cell (i.e., stimulate it more)? A) Drug that inhibits enzymatic breakdown of neurotransmitter in synapse B) Either of these (both increase) C) Drug that blocks re-uptake of neurotransmitter D) Neither of these
List two fact about the growth of Citrobacter freundii (this can include oxygen requirements, temperature requirements, ph requirements etc)
Can someone please explain to me how is this less substituted? Please explain in detail. Thanks!! Remember, you're looking for the less substituted group, so "b" is correct.... 1) ВН, 2) Н,О, ОН- 3) Н,О b a CH3 CH3 он н н он less substituted, anti-markovnikov
can someone please explain how to do this with as much detail as possible. someone tried to explain it earlier in relation to (a,e) and (e,a) but im not sure even what that means Bccurance of Methyl shift o. The following two elimination reactions are found to have very different rates of reaction. The cis compound produces two products and it reacts much faster than the trans isomer, which produces only one product. Explain these observations (the erence in rate...
I don’t understand how they got the answer can someone please do it in detail so I can understand CHw01 Exercise 1.48 Part A Giv vectors A-400i +7.00, and E-5.00-2.00, firndthevetorproduct AxB Express your answer in terms of the unit vectors i, j, and k. Use the 'unlt vector button to denote unit vectors in your answer. en two