Question

1-Kael is a participant in a research experiment that is testing the effect of a new drink beverage on energy levels. Kael believes that she was given the true energizing drink. When, in reality, she was part of the control group. From her expectation though Kael acts more energetic and alert. Her behavior is an example of a (n) :

1. Experimental expectation
2. Participant double-blind belief
3. Confound
4. Placebo effect

2- Hermann von Helmholtz studied the physiology of vision and hearing. Given the physical nature of his work, why is he considered important to the development of psychology as a discipline?

1. He was able to show that even though we appear to have different sensory systems, they are all processed in the same part of the brain.
2. He demonstrated that there is actually no connection between physical stimuli and our perceptions of them.
3. He used objective introspection to determine the structure of people’s consciousness based on their physical perceptions.
4. He noted that the mind could be measured using empirical scientific methods

3- Why are people with high scores on working memory (WM) capacity able to do better than people with lower scores on WM capacity?

1. They are more aware of their own learning processes and how to improve them
2. They remember more pieces of information for a long period of time
3. They are better able to learn without intention to learn.
4. They can remember more bits of information for a short period of time, so it is more easily accessible;

4- which of the following statements about incidental versus intentional learning is correct?

1. Incidental learning is more effective than intentional learning
2. Whether incidental or intentional learning is more effective depends on what type of learning is being assessed and the type of strategies used.
3. Intentional learning is more effective than incidental learning.
4. Whether incidental or intentional learning is more effective depends on the intelligence and expertise of the learner.

Answer 1

1. Option D is correct. Kael's behaviour is an example of Placebo effect. In placebo effect, the mind manipulates you into believing that a fake treatment has real results. It help doctors and scientists discover and better understand the physiological and psychological effects of new medications.

2. Option D is correct.

He noted that mind could be measured using empirical scientific methods. Von Helmholtz conducted an experiment in which he asked his participants to push a button when they felt a touch. If a thigh were touched, participants reacted faster than when the toe was touched. Because the toe is farther from the brain than the thigh, signals form the toe required more time to reach the brain.
Helmholtz used these differences in reaction time to show that voluntary behavior did not occur instantaneously as previously thought. Behavior is not instantaneous, but rather requires time for the system to process physical signals - this contributed to a more scientific, less mystical view of the nervous system.The work of Hermann von Helmholtz on reaction time helped establish the mind as something that could be studied scientifically.

3. Option D is correct. They can remember more bits of information for a short period of time, so it is more easily accessible.

4. Option B seems more correct than option A. Whether incidental or intentional learning is more effective depends on what type of learning is being assessed and the type of strategies used. Experimenters have used various methods to check which one is more effective therefore results vary. Still, in most of the studies it is given that Incidental learning is more effective than intentional learning