Question

1. Which was Freud's most controversial idea about early childhood? A His belief that hidden memories of traumatic childhood events can lead to mental illness B. His claim that children feel sexual attraction toward their opposite-sex parents C. His assertion that children who are fixated at the oral stage become passive and gullible adults D. His theory that the supereco develops near the end of childhood, at about age 6 2. Elbert is 30 months old and has recently discovered the power of the word "no." Even when his father offers him one of his favorite snacks, Elbert will often respond with "no. According to Erikson, which is the crisis of the stage Elbert is in? A Intimacy versus isolation B. Autonomy versus shame and doubt C. Trust versus mistrust D. Industry versus inferiority 3. Midori has learned to be deathly afraid of white dogs. She is so petrified by them that she began to scream in fear when she saw a white, fluffy bunny rabbit hop across the backyard. In this case, Midori is exhibiting A. imprinting. B. generalization C. desensitization. D. extinction. 4. Julio's mother has been nagging him for days to wash the car. When he finally washes the car, his mother stops nagging him. Julio's mother's nagging can best be described as A.punishment B. extinction C. negative reinforcement D. positive reinforcement 5. Noah watches closely as his father makes French toast for breakfast. According to Bandura, what Noah will learn from observing his father will depend on what he pays attention to and A. How intelligence he is B. Whether or not the French toast taste god C. What he is able to remember D. How much he enjoys cooking

Answer 1

Answers:

1) B. His claim that children feel sexual attraction toward their opposite-sex parents. ( Oedipus complex and Electra complex are controversial topics proposed by Sigmund Freud. Meaning of these two words is children feel sexual attraction toward their opposite-sex parents)

2) B. Autonomy vs shame and doubt ( Autonomy vs Shame and doubt is the second stage in Erikson's 8 stages psychosocial theory. In this stage, children will become either autonomy or shame and doubt. In the above case, Elbert saying NO confidently even with his father. So that he became autonomous)

3) B. Generalization ( Midori learned to be afraid of white dogs. Later she became afraid about white rabbits also. Midori was giving the same type of response for the same type of stimulus. That's why it is called generalization)

4) C. negative reinforcement. ( Nagging was an unwanted stimulus for Julio and it was removed for washing the car. That's why it is called negative reinforcement)