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11. Acetylcholine is both an excitatory and inhibitory ligand depending on the location of its receptor....

11. Acetylcholine is both an excitatory and inhibitory ligand depending on the location of its receptor. What does Acetylcholine do that makes it "excitatory"?

a. It causes a cell membrane to depolarize and produce Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials

b. It opens K+ ion channels when it binds to its receptors

c. It causes a cell membrane to hyperpolarize

12. The bonding of Acetylcholine to its muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle causes gated K+ channels to close. This action is described as ___________________.

a. Excitatory as the cell membrane hyperpolarizes

b. Excitatory as the cell membrane depolarizes

c. Inhibitory as the cell membrane hyperpolarizes

13. Which voluntary division of the efferent (motor) nervous system stimulates skeletal muscle?

a. The somatic nervous system

b. The parasympathetic nervous system

c. The sympathetic nervous system

14. During the fight and flight response, elevated levels of epinephrine and norephinephrine stimulate less sensitive alpha receptors as well as beta receptors on smooth muscle of blood vessels. How does this impact blood flow?

a. Blood flow is redirected from skeletal muscle to the GI tract

b. Blood flow is redirected from the GI tract and kidneys to skeletal muscle

c. Blood flow is redirected from skeletal muscle to both the kidneys and GI tract

15. Which of the following are Adrenergic receptors?

a. Nicotinic receptors

b. Muscarinic receptors

c. Alpha and beta receptors

ANSWERS ONLY- No need explanation :)

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Answer #1

11. a. It causes a cell membrane to depolarize and produce Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials.

12. a. Excitatory as the cell membrane hyperpolarizes.

13. a. The somatic nervous system.

14. b. Blood flow is redirected from the GI tract and kidneys to skeletal muscle.

15. c. Alpha and beta receptors.

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