Question

: Fill in the blank

1. --- is an example of forward genetic technique, while --- is example of reverse genetic technique.
2. The 2 transgenic mouse lines required to utilized the floxed method for altering gene expersion are----and---
3. Eugenics
4. One mechanism of genetic buffering is when 2 biological pathways are redundant, having the same function. This is referred to as---- buffering.
5. When the hetrozygote shows the most advantageous phenotype this is called---

Answer 1

1- forward genetic technique- INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS

Insertional mutagenesis is the creation of mutations of DNA by the addition of one or more base pairs. Forward genetics techniques determine the genetic basis responsible for a phenotype

reverse genetic technique- GENE SILENCING

Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Reverse genetics is a method that is used to help understand the function of a gene by analyzing the phenotypic effects of specific engineered gene sequences.

2- The 2 transgenic mouse lines required to utilized the floxed method for altering gene expression are flox mutant mouse line and  the Cre-expressing mouse line.

Cre-Lox recombination is a site-specific recombinase technology, used to carry out deletions, insertions, translocations and inversions at specific sites in the DNA of cells. It allows the DNA modification to be targeted to a specific cell type or be triggered by a specific external stimulus.The Cre protein is a site-specific DNA recombinase that can catalyse the recombination of DNA between specific sites in a DNA molecule. These sites, known as loxP sequences, contain specific binding sites for Cre that surround a directional core sequence where recombination can occur.

3-One mechanism of genetic buffering is when 2 biological pathways are redundant, having the same function. This is referred to as networked buffering.

Networked buffering – is proposed for the generation of robust traits in complex systems. It requires two basic conditions to be satisfied: 1) agents are versatile enough to perform more than one single functional role within a system and 2) agents are degenerate.

4- When the hetrozygote shows the most advantageous phenotype this is called GENETIC DOMINANCE or COMPLETE DOMINANCE.

Complete dominance is a form of dominance in heterozygous condition wherein the allele that is regarded as  dominant completely masks the effect of the allele that is recessive. The dominant allele is advantageous over recessive allele.