Question

Operating System! Please provides the answer for the following Question?

1. How does the OS have direct privilege access to system software ?

2. Why do we need only the OS to have direct privilege access to system software?

3. How does the OS ensure the applications are isolated and protected from one and another?

4. How does the OS have direct privilege access over computer hardware?

Answer 1

How does the OS have direct privilege access to system software ?

ans: An operating system is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware.

Firstly, your computer's operating system coordinates the demands that the computer's software makes on its hardware, especially the central processing unit. Each piece of software running on your computer ideally would like to have the undivided attention of its hardware. It's the operating system's job to make sure that each application gets its fair share of your computer's finite resources in the most efficient way possible.

Second, the operating system provides a consistent set of rules for applications to use in order to be able to interface with your computer's hardware. The system's application program interface lets developers create software that will run on computers of the same type even if the hardware is different or open to change.
Software applications feed the CPU the instructions it needs to process data. These instructions take the form of computer code. Every software application, no matter what its type or manufacture, needs to interact with the CPU. For programs to work with the CPU, they must contain code that the CPU recognizes. Rather than having the same blocks of code for similar procedures in each software application, the operating system includes the blocks of code that software applications need to interact with it.

Why do we need only the OS to have direct privilege access to system software?

Because an operating system must hide the computer's hardware, and manage the hardware resources, it needs to prevent the application software from accessing the hardware directly. Without this sort of protection, the operating system would not be able to do its job.

The operating system must shield the details of the hardware from the application programs, and thus from the user.

The operating system has to substitute a set of abstract services to the application programs, to replace the physical hardware services. When applications use these abstract services, the operations must be translated into real hardware operations.

Finally, the resources in a computer (CPU, memory, disk space) are limited. The operating system must act as a resource manager, optimising the use of the resources, and protecting them against misuse and abuse. When a system provides multiuser or multitasking capabilities, resources must be allocated fairly and equitably amongst a number of competing requests. w

How does the OS ensure the applications are isolated and protected from one and another?

Virtual machines are the containers in which applications and guest operating systems run. By design, all VMware virtual machines are isolated from one another. This isolation enables multiple virtual machines to run securely while sharing hardware and ensures both their ability to access hardware and their uninterrupted performance.

How does the OS have direct privilege access over computer hardware?

The operating system coordinates the use of the hardware among the various system programs and application programs for a various users. It simply provides an environment within which other programs can do useful work.

The operating system is a set of special programs that run on a computer system that allows it to work properly. It performs basic tasks such as recognizing input from the keyboard, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, sending output to the display screen and controlling peripheral devices.
OS is designed to serve two basic purposes:

1. It controls the allocation and use of the computing System’s resources among the various user and tasks.
2. It provides an interface between the computer hardware and the programmer that simplifies and makes feasible for coding, creation, debugging of application programs.

The Operating system must support the following tasks. The task are:

1. Provides the facilities to create, modification of programs and data files using an editor.
2. Access to the compiler for translating the user program from high level language to machine language.
3. Provide a loader program to move the compiled program code to the computer’s memory for execution.
4. Provide routines that handle the details of I/O programming.