Question

Describe the time course for HIV-1 infection in regard to CD4+ T lymphocyte count, the number of HIV RNA copies, and the risk for opportunistic diseases and death.

Answer 1

HIV-1 highly infects the activated T-lymphocytes cells which is commonly directed against viruses to protect from harmful infections and diseases.HIV infested individuals capacity to fight against the infection is depleted thus limits the response capacity of the host.The opportunistic infection cause the severe immunological damage resulting in neoplasm and wastage of CD4+ T lymphocytes.The time course it take to infect the individual ranges from 1 year to even 10 years,the reason is still unknown.The incubation period of HIV virus is the period from which an infection is developed from lower level to higher level of AIDS.Ans survival period depicts the period from AIDS infection diagnose to death.The incubaion period of the HIV-1 virus differ according to the mode by which the infection acquisition i.e,haemophiliac,sexually and drug medium has showed longer period of incubation compared with infection recipients from transfusion. The count of CD4+T lymphocytes are very much significant for predicting the progress of the diseases which takes at least 6 months of time period for follow up.The reduction of CD4+T cells from count <300cells/mm3 cause higher risk of disease getting into its advanced stage and the ultimate end stage can be predicted when the count of CD4+T cell go below 200cells .Majority of infection progress cases has experience the rise in HIV RNA copies i,e 3000-100,000 copies/ml and lowering CD4+T cell count.Opportunistic diseases arise due to the infection are caused by cytomegalovirus,Pneumocystic carini,and versella zoster virus help HIV virus in progressing in the host.Oral diseases,pneumonia and many othet dermatitis related diseases are found which leads to elevating the rate of immuno suppression.