Question

1. What is the difference between network architecture and application architecture?
2. For a P2P file- sharing application, do you agree with the statement, “There is no notion of client and server sides of a communication session”? Why or why not?
3. Discuss the four broad classes of services that a transport protocol can provide. For each of the service classes, indicate if either UDP or TCP ( or both) pro-vides such a service.
4. What is meant by a handshaking protocol?
5. Consider an e- commerce site that wants to keep a purchase record for each of its customers. How can this be done with cookies.

Answer 1

Network architecture deals with designing of a network i.e desiging network topology effectively.Where as application architecture deals with the designing of the software used in the network communication,softwares that provides connection of one end user to other.Application desiging are done by the application developers who deals with hiw application are developed.Example of application architecture point to point,client server.Example of network architecture

Layered architecture.

Yes completely agreed.In peer to peer file sharing application there is no centralised server rather all the nodes or computer jn the toplogy share files equally with each other.There is no master computer that has the centralised control over the nodes in the topology.peer to peer networks are inexpensive than client server.In client server there us a central repository known as the server which provides services requested by a client whereas in peer to peer communication there is no such case,here all the computers are treated equally.

The tranport protocol provides the following services-

Process to process delivery-Tcp is used in connection oriented network to establish a socket.UDP is used in connectionless network.

End to end connection-both TCP and UDP are used.

Congestion Control-TCP is used

Flow control-TCP/IP is used for data transmission in the adjacent layers if the protocol suit.

Handshaking is the process where one device send a message to another device for establishing a connection protocol.eg establishing a socket is a 3 way handshaking protocol.

Cookies are short text stored in the user device by the server to keep track of the users activity.

There are two types of cookies

1.session cookies-here the information or rhe cookies are lost when a browser is closed.

2. persistent cookies-here the informations are retained for a specific time .The informations are not lost even if the browser is closed.

Ecommerce uses both session and persistent cookies.the cookies duty is to keep the user logged in as they navigates from one page to another.Ecommerce site uses the combination of both tyoes of cookies to provide us a shoppingcart like experience.

When a user add something to a cart,the session cookies will keep track of those items in the cart.If we return something from the cart then persistent cookie will note it down and the information will be used in future .The next time user vist the page the persistent cookies will retrieve the selections he or she has abondoned from the cart so that he ir she can purchase it.These cookies provide a user or customer a personal retargeting campaign to encourages her to visif ger cart again.These increases sales and the purchase record are stored.