Question

1. In 1970s and 1980s, molecular biologists discovered that the hormone testosterone, binds a receptor protein that recognizes a 15 base pair DNA sequence. Asa result, genes that contain this sequence can be activated by testosterone. Scientists called this hormone, an enhancer and exploited its property to turn genes off or on. In your class, you observed a similar mechanism related to a milk protein. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the important molecular phenomenon or concept that you learned in class that exactly mimics the testosterone concept explained above?

I believe its the lactase process but unsure.

1. In the concept you learned in class, what organism does the similar process occur, and what biomolecule takes the place of testosterone?
2. How can the above phenomenon be used to treat cancer?
3. How can the above mechanism aid in improving the immune system?

Answer 1

Answer: This question is have to write pointswise, because it is easy to understand you....

a):

The testosterone mediated gene expression via activating an enhancer is similar to the lac operon model found in bacteria such as E.coli.

b):

• In this system, lactose works as testosterone.
• The isomer of lactose i.e. allolactose binds to lac repressor, which generally suspends the formation of lac proteins in the absence of lactose.

c):

• To treat cancers such as prostate and breast cancers, hormone therapy is used.
• The hormone is able to on and off the genes via enhancer.
• Therefore, in this therapy, some medicines block the hormone that activates genes in tumor cells to grow.

• d):To improve the immune system, various chemical inhibitors or activators are used to treat high or low hormone production, respectively.
• If the body is producing a higher amount of hormone, then use inhibitors to control the hormone level and use activators for its vice versa effect.

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