Question

1. Consider TCP connection management.
   1. How many segments are typically involved in the TCP connection establishment? What TCP flag(s) is/are set in each of these segments?
   2. How many segments are typically involved in the TCP connection teardown process? What TCP flag(s) is/are set in each of these segments?
   3. Please give the general relationship between the acknowledgement number in a segment that is answering a segment and the sequence number in the segment that is being answered. comment:(please write the answer by the keyboard not your handwriting

Answer 1

A.) In TCP connection establishment 3 segments are involved. This process is called 3- WAY Handshake.

1^st Segment: This segment is sent by the client to the server. In this segment, SYN = 1, ACK = 0 and a sequence number is set to a random value for example A.

2^nd Segment: This segment is sent by the server to the client. In this segment, SYN = 1, ACK = 1, a random sequence number for example B and an acknowledgement number = A+1 (The next sequence number server is expecting from client).

3^rd Segment: This segment is sent by the client to the server. In this segment, SYN = 0, ACK = 1, sequence number = A+1 and an Acknowledgement number = B+1 (The next sequence number client is expecting from server).

This Handshaking technique is referred to as SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK.

B.) In TCP teardown process 4 segments are involved.

1^st Segment: This segment is sent by the client to the receiver. In this segment, FIN = 1, ACK = 0.

2^nd Segment: This segment is sent by the server to the client. In this segment, FIN = 0, ACK = 1.

3^rd Segment: This segment is sent by the server to the client. In this segment, FIN = 1, ACK = 0.

4^th Segment: This segment is sent by the client to the server. In this segment, FIN = 0, ACK = 1.

C.) The general relationship between the acknowledgement number in a segment that is answering a segment and the sequence number in the segment that is being answered is: Ack No = Seq No + 1, as explained above in TCP connection establishment process.

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